The second law of thermodynamics, in a very general sense, states that entropy (S) is always increasing.ASuniverseAS system + AS surroundings > 0When phospholipids are dispersed in an aqueous solution, they will often form more ordered structures in the form of micelles, liposomes, or lipid bilayers. This behaviorseemingly contradicts the second law of thermodynamics. Why is this behavior in agreement with the second law of thermodynamics?LiposomeMicelleBilayer sheet

The phospholipids are the principle constituents of the cell membrane.

Answered: When phospholipids are dispersed in an…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Why methylene blue, a basic dye, can be used to stain cytoplasm, a basic structure? Why cytoplasm is basic and at the same time negatively charged? I am confused with the terms "basic dye" and "acidic dye". Is it true that a basic dye is positively charged? If so, why is cytoplasm which is negatively charged called basic materials? Could you please explain more on these?
In the experimental conditions described below, how many molecules of dextrose do you have to add to the extracellular fluid in order to make it iso-osmotic relative to the intracellular fluid? Intracellular fluid: Number of water molecules = 60 • Number of Dextrose molecules = 7 • Number of Sucrose molecules = 3 ● Extracellular fluid: • Number of water molecules = 160 • Number of dextrose molecule = ???? • Number of Sucrose molecules = 0
Which of these compounds will cross the cell membrane without the aid of a membrane transport protein, and why? H3 NH NH 2. By what transport process will the above compound be transported? What are the factors which drive movement across the membrane in this process? Does this process require input of energy?
List two differences you would expect to see in the composition of lipids in the E. coli membrane when the cells are incubated at 25 °C compared to incubation at 37 °C.
Which of the following statements is/are incorrect? 1. The cell membrane is purely hydrophobic. 2. Glycerophospholipids have a phosphate derivative group that is known as the polar head group. 3. The individual glycerophospholipid molecules that aggregate become covalently linked to each other to form a lipid bilayer. 4. The interfacial region of a lipid bilayer is polar due to the polar head groups of the lipid molecules that make up the bilayer. O 1 and 3 O 1 only O 2 and 4 O 3 only O 4 only
Which of the following solutions is isotonic relative to a solution of 1.0 M glucose? 1.0 M glucose + 1.0 M fructose O 0.5 M Na+ + 0.5 M CI- O2.0 M glycerol
Answer the following question based on the structure of the molecule below. NH HO-P-o он он NH2 OH OH ÓH OH Molecule X is a analog of which is likely water and would permeate the plasma membrane. OA, nonhydrolyzeable; GTP; insoluble; readily B. nonhydrolyzeable; ATP; insoluble; readily c. nonhydrolyzeable; ATP; soluble; readily D. nonhydrolyzeable; GTP; soluble; not E. nonhydrolyzeable; GTP; soluble; readily
How it is that cells are making larger, more complex molecules, yet they do not defy the second law of thermodynamics? (note: cells are open systems not closed)
Which statements are true? Explain why or why not.1 Although lipid molecules are free to diffuse in theplane of the bilayer, they cannot flip-flop across the bilayerunless enzyme catalysts called phospholipid translocatorsare present in the membrane.2 Whereas all the carbohydrate in the plasma mem-brane faces outward on the external surface of the cell, allthe carbohydrate on internal membranes faces toward thecytosol.3 Although membrane domains with different pro-tein compositions are well known, there are at present noexamples of membrane domains that differ in lipid com-position.
What are apoproteins? The enzyme used to catalyze the diffusion of a lipid from the outer leaflet to the inner leaflet of a bilayer is called:
The compound 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), which was used in diet pills in the 1930s but later shown to have dangerous side effects, allows protons to diffuse across membranes. Why is it dangerous to consume DNP?
Piston C Piston D Solution A Solution B Semipermeable membrane Above is a crude cartoon of a diffusion system. Two containers with solutions of sucrose in water are connected by a semipermeable membrane that is only permeable to water. Each container has a piston above it. Using this information answer the following. If the concentration of sucrose in solution A is 150mM and in solution B it's 2mM, which of the following would occur? al Piston D will feel an upward pressure. No diffusion will occur. Sucrose will diffuse from solution A to soluion B. Piston C will feel an upward pressure.

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