Define the term thermotropic phase transition and describe the main transition exhibited by lipid bilayers.
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Define the term thermotropic phase transition and describe the main transition exhibited by lipid bilayers.
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- The transverse diffusion of lipids is thermodynamically unfavorable because of the difficulty of its hydrophilic head to pass through an internal hydrophobic environment. True FalseYou are studying the effects of temperature and lipid composition on membrane fluidity using artificial membranes containing only one or a few kinds of lipids and no proteins. Assume that you and your lab partner have made the following artificial membranes: Membrane 1: Made entirely of phosphatidylethanolamine. Each of the two chains of the fatty acids is 18 carbon in length and both are completely saturated. Membrane 2: Made entirely of phosphatidylethanolamine with 14-carbon fatty acid chains. only one fatty acid tail contains a double bond, the other one is completely saturated. Membrane 3: Made entirely of phosphatidylethanolamine with 14-carbon fatty acid chains. Both fatty acid tails have a single double bond. Predict the transition temperature of the above-mentioned membranes.Explain the differences in the ease of lateral movement and bilayer translocation movement of phospholipids.
- List the following compounds in order of increasing lipid bilayer permeability: RNA, Ca2+, glucose, ethanol, n2, water.Which of the following statements are acceptable and why? [Whereas all the carbohydrate in the plasma membrane faces outward on the external surface of the cell, all the carbohydrate on internal membranes faces toward the cytosol.] [Although lipid molecules are free to diffuse in the plane of the bilayer, they cannot flip-flop across the bilayer unless enzyme catalysts called phospholipid translocators are present in the membrane.]Which of the following fatty acids, if incorporated into a typical eukaryotic membrane phospholipid, would be the most likely to decrease that membrane’s fluidity? linolenic acid, with 18 carbons and three carbon-to-carbon double bonds linoleic acid, with 18 carbons and two carbon-to-carbon double bonds stearic acid, with 18 carbons and no carbon-to-carbon double bonds oleic acid, with 18 carbons and one carbon-to-carbon double bond all of the above molecules are saturated, and equally likely to decrease membrane fluidity
- Which of the following fatty acids, if incorporated into a typical eukaryotic membrane phospholipid, would be the most likely to increase that membrane’s fluidity? linolenic acid, with 18 carbons and three carbon-to-carbon double bonds linoleic acid, with 18 carbons and two carbon-to-carbon double bonds oleic acid, with 18 carbons and one carbon-to-carbon double bond stearic acid, with 18 carbons and no carbon-to-carbon double bonds all of the above molecules are unsaturated, and equally likely to increase membrane fluiditywhy is unsaturated fatty acid used to maintain membrane fluidity and flexibility?What is the impact of phospholipid composion on membrane fluidity and dynamics?
- Of the following cell membrane lipids, which one 1) prefers to reside in the inner leaflet (or inner half) of the membrane bilayer, AND 2) is not zwitterionic at physiological pH (7.4)? 1. SM (sphingomyelin) is inner-leaflet & NOT zwitterionic 2. PC (phosphatidylcholine) is inner-leaflet & NOT zwitterionic 3. PS (phosphatidylserine) is inner-leaflet & NOT zwitterionic 4. 2 of these 3 responses are correctExplain the following terms: ATP and ADP, draw and explainMembranes that contain a significant proportion of cis unsaturated fatty acids are more fluid than similar membraneswith higher levels of saturated fatty acids. Explain.