A mutation in the p53 gene creates a misfolded protein that is overactive.  This scenario would most likely __________ cellular division.  If the mutation affected the protein’s beta-sheets, it most likely affected the protein’s __________ conformation. Select one:

HeLa Cells are the most widely used human cell line. They have been used in thousands of studies, leading to countless discoveries. These cells were unknowingly taken from Henrietta Lacks, a Johns Hopkins Medical Center patient. Dr. Gey at Johns Hopkins Medical Center took some of the cells from Mrs. Lacks's cancer and discovered that they could keep growing and dividing indefinitely. Mrs. Lacks did not know these cells were taken from her and neither did any of her family members.  Today, strict guidelines protect individuals participating in a federally funded research study (e.g., in a clinical trial).  The study has to go through a lengthy review and participants receive information about all aspects of the study and provide “informed consent” to participate. These guidelines are known as the Common Rule.  However, the Common Rule does not apply to cells or tissues removed during medical procedures. Scientists can use leftover tissues from surgeries, and biopsies for research…

The body produces a normal amount of testosterone. However, a particular cell you are studying has an unusually low number of testosterone receptors.  How might the cell's response to testosterone be affected by its low number of testosterone receptors?     A. The cell will activate more protein kinases in response to testosterone exposure than a cell with a normal number of testosterone receptors.   B. The cell will make less mRNA in response to testosterone exposure.     C. The cell will make less cAMP in response to testosterone exposure.       D. The cell’s response to testosterone exposure will be identical to the response of a cell with a normal number of testosterone receptors.

With explanation

Select the incorrect statement: O A. Transcription produces an mRNA of a gene that leaves the nucleus. O B. A hydrophobic hormone-receptor complex may increase the expression of a specific protein by stimulating the transcription of more of that protein's MRNA. OC Protein synthesis is a two-phase process that includes transcription and translation. O D, In the process of transcription, the entire chromosome is copied by RNA polymerase.

A signal sequence or the translocation of a protein can be genetically characterized. Please design an experiment to identify a signal sequence in a protein. This signal sequence should allow the transferring of the protein into a particular organelle, for example, the nucleus.

Oocytes contain inactivated ______ that become activated soon fertilization.  The mechanism that regulates this activation is ___________. Select one: a. proteins, poly-acetylation b. proteins,poly-adenylation c. mRNA, poly-acetylation d. mRNA-poly-adenylation e. egg cells, poly-acetyation

You are analyzing the activity of the protein p53 in two different cell types. You notice that p53 has the same primary structure in both cells, but has a different function in each cell. What could be the reason for the functional difference in this case? A. p53 mRNA has been spliced differently in each cell type. B. p53 is phosphorylated on some amino acid residues in its transactivation domain in one cell type but not in the other cell type. C. The tetramerization domain of p53 is acetylated at the same amino acid residues in both cell types. D. All of the above E. B and C only

Which of the following statements about cancer is correct? A. Cancer stem cells can make tumors resistant to chemotherapy. B. Intra-tumoral heterogeneity makes it easier to treat cancer. C. Mutation in p53 is a type of passenger mutation. D. One driver mutation is more than sufficient for the production of a cancer phenotype.

A researcher is studying the effects of a novel cancer drug on cell division and comparing the new drug to a traditional chemotherapy drug. The traditional drug causes numerous side effects such as nausea, vomiting, hair loss and susceptibility to infections due to low white blood cell counts. The novel drug is a targeted therapy (specifically targets the abnormal protein in the cancer cell) and is likely to reduce side effects that patients experience when treated with traditional chemotherapy. One group of cancer patients was treated with the novel drug and a second group of cancer patients was treated with the traditional chemotherapy drug. Prior and subsequent to treatment, a mitotic index was obtained from a tumor sample from each patient as well as a bone marrow sample (bone marrow cells give rise to all blood cell types including red blood cells and white blood cells). Since this is a double-blind study (neither the patient nor the researcher knows which patients received which…