A mathematical model has been derived for selection against the homozygous recessive genotype. The following equation was obtained, where g is the frequency of the a allele, and s is the selection coefficient for the aa genotype (the selection coefficient for the AA and Aa genotypes is 0): q(1– sq) 1- są If the selection coefficient is 0.3 and the initial frequency of the a allele is 0.8, what is the new frequency of the a allele after one generation of random mating?

A mathematical model has been derived for selection against the homozygous recessive genotype. The following equation was obtained, where g is the frequency of the a allele, and s is the selection coefficient for the aa genotype (the selection coefficient for the AA and Aa genotypes is 0): q(1– sq) 1- są If the selection coefficient is 0.3 and the initial frequency of the a allele is 0.8, what is the new frequency of the a allele after one generation of random mating?

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter19: Evolutionary Change In Populations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3TYU: The MN blood group is of interest to population geneticists because (a) people with genotype MN...

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1. For a single locus with two alleles, A₁ and A₂: (a) Draw a graph (using graph paper) showing both the frequency of A₁ A2 heterozy- gotes and A₂ A₂ homozygotes, at Hardy-Weinberg frequencies, as functions of p (the frequency of A₁). Note that both p and the genotype frequencies should have values between 0 and 1. (b) Find the value of p above which A₁ A2 genotypes are more common than A₂42 genotypes. You can solve this algebraically, or estimate it from your graphs. 2. Consider three loci, A, B, and C, each with two alleles, with the frequencies of A₁, B₁, and C₁ all being We look at a population and find that there are four distinct haplotypes, shown here, each with a frequency of: A₁ B1 TT A1 C₁ B1 A₂ B₂ AT C₂ A₂ B₂ C₁ C₂ Of the three pairs of loci (AB, AC, and BC) which pair(s) are in Gametic Equilibrium (D = 0) and which are in Gametic Disequilibrium (D ‡0)? [Hint: Consider each pair separately, ignoring the other locus. For example: for the BC pair, consider the four…
p? + 2pq + q? = 1 (to determine the genotype frequencies) and p+q =1 (to determine the allele frequencies) p = frequency of the dominant allele in the population q = frequency of the recessive allele in the population p = percentage of homozygous dominant individuals q?: = percentage of homozygous recessive individuals 2pq = percentage of heterozygous individuals Homework Problems For these problems you will need to use a calculator and can round for the percentages. the nearest who number Example problem: You have sampled a population in which you know that the percentage of the homozygous recessive genotype (aa) is 36%. Using that 36%, calculate the following: A. The frequency of the "aa" genotype. Answer: 36% (given) B. The frequency of the "a" allele. Answer: The frequency of aa is 36%, which means that q? = 0.36. If q? = 0.36, then q = 0.6, because 0.62 is equal to 0.36. Since q equals the frequency of the a allele, then the frequency is 60%. C. The frequency of the "A" allele.…
1. In a population of 1000 bison, there are two alleles at the B locus. It acts incompletely dominantly, so that you are able to figure out each animal's genotype simply by observing its phenotype. How convenient. You find 665 BB, 225 Bb, and 110 bb bison. a) What are the allele frequencies of B and b? (round off the number) b) Using the allele frequencies, what numbers (not just fractions, but numbers of actual bison in this population of 1000 and yes you can round off) would you expect to be BB, Bb, and bb? c) Do you think this bison population is in HW equilibrium? d) No matter what your answer to c, if they weren't in HW equilibrium, name 5 possible reasons why.
75. Under the conditions of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what term in the equilibrium equation represents the expected genotype frequency for homozygous recessive individuals? p2 2pq 2p+q p2+2pq+q2 q2
The MN blood group is of interest to population geneticists because (a) people with genotype MN cannot receive blood transfusions from either MM or NN people (b) the MM, MN, and NN genotype frequencies can be observed directly and compared with calculated expected frequencies (c) the M allele is dominant to the N allele (d) people with the MN genotype exhibit frequency-dependent selection (e) people with the MN genotype exhibit heterozygote advantage
8. Hitchhiker's thumb is the ability to bend the thumb backwards at least 45° is due to a single dominate allele "T". Hitchhiker's thumb Straight thumb You sampled the 48 students in your Biology of Populations class, and determined that 15 individuals have thumbs that could hitch a lift (i.e. bend > 45°). a) Calculate the predicted frequencies of all the genotypes. b) Given what you know about the conditions required for the Hardy-Weinberg principle to be met, do you think this is a reliable prediction? Explain your answer. ||
1.In a population in equilibrium, the frequency of allele "1 " is ? The frequency of allele "Δ32" ( or delta32) is ? Under equilibrium ,the expected number of 1/1 genotypes is ? the expected number of 1/delta32 genotypes is? the expected number of delta32/delta32 genotypes is ? 2. The chi-square and degrees of freedom value of this test is?
1. The ability to taste the compound PTC is controlled by a dominant allele T, while individuals homozygous for the recessive allele (t) cannot taste PTC. In a population consisting of 500 individuals, 347 are tasters and 153 are non-PTC tasters. Calculate the frequency of the T and t alleles in this population, and frequency of the genotypes.(Please train yourself to use the Hardy-Weinberg equation.)To present your answers, follow the format in the picture below.
1. Set up a punnett square using the following information: 2. Using the punnett square in question #1: a. What is the probability of producing tall plants with purple flowers? Dominate allele for tall plants = D • Recessive allele for dwarf plants = d • Dominate allele for purple flowers = W • Recessive allele for white flowers = w Cross a homozygous dominate parent (DDWW) with a homozygous recessive parent (ddww) Possible genotype(s)? b. What is the probability of producing dwarf plants with white flowers? Possible genotype(s)? c. What is the probability of producing tall plants with white flowers? Possible genotype(s)? d. What is the probability of producing dwarf plants with purple flowers? Possible genotype(s)?
1. The electrophoresis gel below shows allozyme polymorphisms of the sevenless gene (Sev) from 16 individuals sampled from a Drosophila melanogaster population. Assume that all genotypes of Sev in the population were sampled. a. Please estimate the genotype frequencies and allele frequencies of this population. b. Please compute the heterozygosity (h) of this gene. %3D
33. In humans, the presence of chin and cheek dimples is dominant to the absence of dimples, and the ability to taste the compound PTC is dominant to the inability to taste the compound. Both traits are autosomal, and they are unlinked. The frequencies of alleles for dimples are D=0.62 and d=0.38. For tasting, the allele frequencies are T= 0.76 and t= 0.24 Determine the frequency of genotypes for each gene and the frequency of each phenotype. What are the expected frequencies of the four possible phenotype combinations: dimpled tasters; undimpled tasters, dimpled non-tasters, and undimpled non-tasters?
1. Certain flowers are either red (dominant) or white (rr). 91% of the flowers are red. Using the equations, calculate the frequency of the R allele. First you replace R and r for p and q. Thus we know that q2 = .09, because only the homozygous recessives will be white. *changed away from percentages to work the math more easily* What is the frequency of the R allele in this population? 2. In a coastal city in Nigeria, the incidence of Sickle-Cell disease is 4% of the population. Based on this information, what is the frequency of this allele in the population of that city? 3. In a given human population, only the "A" and "B" alleles are present in the ABO system; there are no individuals with type "O" blood or with O alleles in this particular population. If 200 people have type A blood, 75 have type AB blood, and 25 have type B blood, what are the alleleic frequencies of this population (i.e., what are p and q)? 4. An allele W, for white wool, is dominant over allele w, for…