1. For a single locus with two alleles, A₁ and A₂: (a) Draw a graph (using graph paper) showing both the frequency of A₁ A₂ heterozy- gotes and A₂ A₂ homozygotes, at Hardy-Weinberg frequencies, as functions of p (the frequency of A₁). Note that both p and the genotype frequencies should have values between 0 and 1. (b) Find the value of p above which A₁ A2 genotypes are more common than A2A2 genotypes. You can solve this algebraically, or estimate it from your graphs.

Butterflies show 3 phenotypes due to incomplete dominance at the D locus with alleles DY and DB giving green phenotype in heterozygotes and yellow and blue in homozygotes. a) A population of butterflies showed 49% yellow, and 51% blue and green. What percentage of the gametes for the next generation would contain the DB allele? b) In another population only 1% of the butterflies are blue, what is the DY allele frequency? c) If the butterflies were subject to predation by birds that could easily detect blue & yellow individuals what effect would you expect this to have on the genotype  and allele frequencies over time? Indicate possible percentages.

If you cross a mouse with Ff genotype with another mouse with Ff genotype, what is theprobability of exactly 2 out of 6 of their offspring also having Ff genotype? Show your work using binomial and (p+q)^n

Two different varieties of potato plants produce potatoes with thesame mean weight of 1.5 pounds. One variety has a very low variancefor potato wieght, and the other has a much higher variance. A. Discuss the possible reasons for the differences in variance.B. If you were a potato farmer, would you rather raise a varietywith a low or high variance? Explain your answer from apracticalpoint of view.C. If you were a potato breeder and you wanted to develop potatoeswith a heavier weight, would you choose the variety witha low or high variance? Explain your answer.