5. Draw the orbital overlapping bonding diagrams for the following compounds; include the orbital that contain lone pairs of electrons. Please state which orbital are involved and how many of each in your answer I.e. 4s orbitals and 4sp orbitals for ethane as in the example shown below. (Ignore the tail of the orbital in your diagrams) sp-s (sigma bond) CHA sp p³-s (sigma bond) H H H sp -s (sigma bond) 4 s orbitals H sp-s (sigma bond) 4 sp³ orbitals Compound Orbital diagram Number of Number of S orbitals sp orbitals Number of sp² orbitals Number of Number of sp³ orbital p orbitals H₂C=O [O-N=0]¹ H₂S

In Chapter 6, we study a group of organic cations called carbocations. Following is the structure of one such carbocation, the tert-butyl cation. (a) How many electrons are in the valence shell of the carbon bearing the positive charge? (b) Using VSEPR, predict the bond angles about this carbon. (c) Given the bond angle you predicted in (b), what hybridization do you predict for this carbon?

A student who missed this class needs to know how to predict the bond angles and shape of amolecule from looking at its bond-line representation. Write a concise but complete explanationfor this student.

Consider the following flat drawing of methane (CH4) . a. What is HCH bond angle implied by this drawing if you assume it is flat? b. Are the electron domains of this flat CH4 spread out as much as possible? c. Use model materials to make a model of CH4 (methane). If you assembled it correctly, thefour bonds (bonding electron domains) of your model will be 109.5° apart. d. In which representation, the drawing above or the model in your hand (circle one) are theH’s of CH4 more spread out around the central carbon? e. Confirm that your model looks like the following drawing. The wedgebond represents a bond coming out of the page, and the dash bondrepresents a bond going into the page f. You will often see methane drawn as if it were flat (like on the previous page). Why is thismisleading, and what is left to the viewer’s imagination when looking at such a drawing?