2. What are the two main phagocytic cell types involved in innate immunity? How do they know what to attack and eat?

Q: 5. Which types of cells can establish the immunological memory necessary for adaptive immunity?…

A: B and T cells can establish the immunological memory necessary for adaptive immunity. B cell…

Q: Describe the gross anatomy and histology of the lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen?

A: We know that Lymph node, thymus, and spleen are the parts of the immune system of the body. The…

Q: 6. What process generates the millions of different antigen receptors found on B and T cells?

A: Both B cells and T cells have millions of different antigens, the data for which is too much to be…

Q: 12. Why do we have an immune system? Why do we need an immune system?

A: An organism's immune system is a sophisticated and highly specialised network of cells, tissues, and…

Q: Describe how the skin and mucous membranes play an integral role in helping the body protect itself…

A: Skin surface  and all the mucous membrane forms a physical barrier against antigen. It…

Q: What two processes contribute to immune tolerance

A: Introduction: Immune tolerance is the state of being unresponsive to the immunological system and…

Q: 6. B cells are most important in the _______ immunity type of _______ immunity.? .A.Cellular;…

A: Introduction :- The lymphocyte class known as B cells is in charge of the humoral immunity portion…

Q: List the vertebrate’s three lines of defense against disease. 2. What three steps do all adaptive…

A: Vertebrates  These are the group of animals which are distinguished by the presence of backbone or…

Q: 6. The C1 complement protein is activated when it binds to the A. Fc region of an antigen-bound…

A: Complements are a group of thermo labile enzymetic proteins found in the serum and body fluids and…

Q: e the normal immune

A: W know Human body have their own system to protect themselves from harmful bacteria, Viruses which…

Q: 2. Differentiate the different types of immunity. avlevalay rosod

A: Immunity is the capacity of an organism to resist or defend against pathogenic microbes or toxic…

Q: 3. Vaccinations increase the number of lymphocytes with receptors that can bind to the pathogen…

A: Introduction :- Vaccinations are a proven and effective way to prevent the spread of infectious…

Q: 1. List and describe 4 examples of barrier defenses.

A: Introduction  Natural barriers and the immune system protect the body against infection-causing…

Q: 4. Describe how macrophage polarization is used in wound healing. Which cytokines are up and down…

A: Macrophage polarization is the process by which macrophage generate definite effective phenotype as…

Q: A tumor develops a mutation which changes the shape of MHCI molecules. This could lead to increased:…

A: The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a tightly linked cluster of genes whose product play a…

Q: 9. After binding to an antigen, T cells activate and differentiate into one of three cell types.…

A: Answer : T cell divided into three types of T cells when bonded with an antigen these are :…

Q: Why people get AIDS?

A: AIDS stands for an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It is a chronic disease that leads to a…

Q: Why are newborns and extreme age late senior years prone to diseases?  2. Give an example on how to…

A: The immunity is the power of the body to resist the against the disease prior to the occurance of…

Q: 3. Adjuvants are substances that slow, but do not stop, the release of an antigen from an injection…

A: An adjuvant is an component present in certain injections that helps produce a stronger immune…

Q: 2. What is the structure of SARS-CoV-2 virus? What are the immune responses to COVID-19 infection?…

A: SARS-COV-2 is Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. it is a strain of Corona virus which…

Q: 1. Describe how do you make monoclonal antibodies for a new protein that you have isolated. Name 2…

A: Genes produce proteins as their final products. DNA is converted to mRNA, which is then translated…

Q: In what ways does TGF-beta act as both a stimulator and inhibitor of the inflammatory response?

A: TGF-β stands for Transforming growth factor Beta, it is a cytokine (protein secreted by immune cells…

Q: It is the first step of the Non-specific host resistance and the immune system itself.

A: Immune system  Immune system is ability of the body to fight with foreign objects like bacteria,…

Q: 1. Name and briefly describe the function of three different classes of proteins that participate in…

A: 1) Three classes of proteins involved in recognition events to regulate immune responses are:…

Q: 4. Which of the following statements about antibodies is incorrect? A. Antibodies are secreted by…

A: Antibodies are the protein substances secreted from specialised cells called B cells. These…

Q: 3. IL-10 induces upregulation of which M2 macrophage subtype? What role does this subtype play in…

A: Macrophages are the immune cells which participates in innate host defense mechanism as well as in…

Q: 2.Describe the relationship between physical activity and immune function and disease…

A: The ability of the organism to recognize and differentiate between the self and non-self particles…

Q: presentation of the viral spike protein on MHC I? Describe the cellular response, ending with the…

A: Class 1 MHC proteins on the surface of most cells displays peptide that are formed by proteolysis of…

Q: Molecular mechanisms of T-cell central tolerance.

A: T-cells These cells are vital types of white blood cells of the immune system and develop from the…

Q: 1. Describe how do they engineer T cells to be used to successfully treat cancer? Can you think of…

A: Cancer, also named malignancy, is an unusual extension of cells. There are higher than 100 kinds of…

Q: What is Innate immune response? (immune System).

A: An organism has the ability to fight and create resistance in the body against infection from…

Q: te on the validity of the following statement from the post: “Our babies would be protected from…

A: Since you have asked multiple questions , we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: immunosenescence.

A: Immunosenescence refers to the age-associated decline of the immune system which may contribute to…

Q: What type of T cell helps an organism mount a rapid immune response if it is secondarily infected…

A: The T-lymphocytes or T-cells are differentiated from bone marrow but they get matured in the thymus…

Q: 4. One of the main differences between an immature B cell and a plasma cell is the amount of…

A: Cells are the basic elements of all living organisms. A human body is made up of billions of cells.…

Q: Define the role of the Thymus in the immune system.

A: The human body consists of various systems one such is an immune system that consists of various…

Q: 4. What are the main COVID-19 treatment strategies (with examples)? What is the mechanism of action…

A: COVID-19 stands for Coronavirus Disease 2019. It is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2…

Q: Pathogens have evolved a number of ways to "thwart" adaptive immunity. Describe two mechanisms used…

A: Adaptive immunity Adaptive immunity is defined as immunity that is developed due to an encounter…

Q: 5. What effect can priming MSCs with IFN-gamma have on Type 1 and 2 helper T cells?

A: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) These are stromal cells with multilineage differentiation and the…

Q: How will you differentiate innate and adaptive immunity?

A: Immunity (the Latin word "immune" means free from burden) is the ability of the body to defend…

Q: The actions of the innate and adaptive branches of the immune system often overlap. Why do you think…

A: The immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend…

Defense Mechanism

Circumstances influence and compel people to behave in a certain way. One such behavior is a defense mechanism. It is employed by people to escape from unpleasant circumstances, thoughts and actions. Defense mechanisms are, thus, psychological strategies that help to avert and avoid unwanted feelings such as guilt or shame and situations such as threat and danger.