6. The C1 complement protein is activated when it binds to the A. Fc region of an antigen-bound antibody. B. complement receptor of an antigen-bound lectin. C. Fc region of free antibody. D. complement receptor of free lectin. E. complement receptor on phagocytes.

5. A patient receives a donor kidney to replace diseased kidney tissue. Consider and answer the following: B) list two similarities and two differences between response mechanisms of natural killer cells and cytotoxic T cells to the tissue graft in the absence of immune suppression.

18. Antiviral proteins synthesized in response to the binding of interferon may target a. intracellular uncoating b. nucleic acid synthesis c. viral assembly C. d. viral ribosomes e. all the above except d 19. When a macrophage encounters S. aureus, which of the following will most likely not occur? a. The macrophage will indirectly induce the synthesis of an antibody b. The macrophage will activate T cells C. The macrophage will produce cytokines d. The macrophage will exhibit its phagocytic and antigen presenting traits e. a & b 20. Plasma cells are actually activated by a. an antigen b. a T cell c. a B cell d. a memory cell PRRS e. 21. Development of resistance to a particular antimicrobial is limited if the drug a. binds to several sites on the target molecule b. targets several different molecules c. affects only one molecule d. affects the plasma membrane e. a and b

can ensure that a great diversity of receptors can be generated on the surface of B cells. 單選: A. Rearrangement of B cell receptor genes B. Alternative splicing C. Antibody class switching D. Affinity maturation E. Somatic hypermutation O O O O O