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- The circulating cytokines that recruit large numbers of phagocytes to the area of inflammation, resulting in pus, are called: O1) pyogens O 2) pyrogens 3) interferons O 4) defensinsAbout Antigen presenting cells, it is CORRECT to affirm that: a). Macrophages, B lymphocytes and dendritic cells are APCs. meaning they express MHC-ll. b). Only APCs present MHC-11. c). Macrophages,B lymphocytes and dendritic cells are phagocytes, but not APCs.d). All the non-APC cells of our body present MHC-1.2. A 65-year-old man has a carcinoma. Study of the neoplasm shows absence of class I MHC molecules and no tumor-specific antigens. An immunologic response from which of the following cells is most likely to lyse some tumor cells? OA) B lymphocytes B) y6-T lymphocytes OC) CD8+ T lymphocytes D) Macrophages OE) Natural killer cells
- Human immune system a) Pathogen-associated molecular patterns are conserved molecular structures produced by microorganisms, but not by host cells. b) A virus-infected host cell that displays a viral antigen via MHC class I molecules may become a target of cytotoxic T cells. c) Secreted MHC Class I proteins present in blood plasma can function as opsonins. d) Both (a) and (b) are correct and (c) is incorrect e) Statements (a), (b) and (c) are all correctA flu-infected cell has down-regulated its MHC class I expression. The lymphocytes below comes to the site and interacts with the cell. How does the downregulation of MHC class I affect these ability of lymphocytes to kill the infected cell? a) influenza-specific T cell b) NK cell c) herpes-specific T cell Indicate whether the possibility increases, decreases or is unchanged for each cell.Use the following choices for the next set of questions. A choice may be used zero or more times: a)MHC class I b) MHC class Il C) both MHC class I and II d) neither MHC class | or II e) cannot be determined 21) expressed on T cells 22) captures antigens present in endosomes 23) strongly affected by proteasomal inhibition 24) downregulated by many viruses 25) the genes responsible for expression are monomorphic, meaning that identical alleles are shared throughout the population
- CTLs use the following membrane-bound protein interactions to “kill” a target cell through apoptosis: Question 8 options: A) IL-2/IL-2 receptor B) CD4/MHC II C) TCR/MHC II D) Fas/FasLA 39-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. Treatment with multiple medications, including prednisone and methotrexate, has not been effective at slowing the progress of her condition. The most appropriate next step in pharmacotherapy is a drug that blocks the effects of which of the following cytokines? Entaracept : Fusion protein- decoy receptor A) Interferon gamma B) Interleukin-2 (IL-2) C) IL-4 D) IL-10 E) Tumor necrosis factor-a foundRemoval of apoptotic cells are done by: Question 6 options: a) phagocytes or neighboring cells. b) circulatory system sweeping away the fragmented cells. c) fragmentation of the cell into small enough pieces that they are swept away by extracellular fluid. d) fusion of the apoptotic cell to neighboring cells to form multinucleate cells. e) migration of the apoptotic cells from the tissue to the lymphatic system to be flushed out.
- The innate immune response together with antibodies are generally not effective at clearing infections established by pathogens that replicate inside host cells. The evolution of T cells has provided a means for the immune response to ‘see’ intracellular infections based on the ability of T cells to: Secrete cytokines that diffuse into the infected tissue Activate type I interferon production by macrophages and dendritic cells Activate macrophages to induce inflammation Recognize pathogen-derived peptides on host MHC surface molecules Express cytoplasmic sensors for detecting pathogen-derived nucleic acidsCD8 cells attack virally infected cells, usually killing them using what method? 1) Complement activation O2) 2) Apoptosis O 3) Phagocytosis O 4) SenescenceWhich of the following best describes the sequence variation within class | MHC molecules? A) Concentrated in the peptide-binding groove B) Concentrated near the transmembrane domain C) Concentrated within the cytoplasmic domain D) Concentrated within microglobulin E) Distributed fairly evenly throughout the molecule