2. How short-run profit or losses induce entry or exit Fantastique Bikes is a company that manufactures bikes in a monopolistically competitive market. The following graph shows Fantastique's demand curve, marginal-revenue (MR) curve, marginal-cost (MC) curve, and average-total-cost (ATC) curve. Place the black point (plus symbol) on the graph to indicate the short-run profit-maximizing price and quantity for this monopolistically competitive company. Then, use the green rectangle (triangle symbols) to shade the area representing the company's profit or loss. Now consider the long run in which bike manufacturers are free to enter and exit the market. Show the possible effect of this free entry and exit by shifting the demand curve for a typical individual producer of bikes on the following graph. 500 450 400 360 300 ATC 280 200 Mo Demand 180 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 QUANTITY (Bikes) Monopolistically Competitive Outcome Profit or Loss Given the profit-maximizing choice of output and price, the company is making profit, which means there are companies in the industry relative to the long-run equilibrium. Now consider the long run in which bike manufacturers are free to enter and exit the market. PRICE (Dollars per bike QUANTITY (Bikes) Demand --- Demand Which of the following statements are true about both monopolistic competition and monopolies? Check all that apply. Price equals average total cost in the long run. Firms are not price takers. Firms can earn positive profit in the long run. Price is above marginal cost.

Answer the question on the basis of the following short run demand and cost data for a specific firm. Cost Data (2) Price $ 80 76 Demand Data (1) Price 72 68 • decrease. • increase. $ 35 30 25 . 20 15 2 3 10 5 4 5 6 (3) Quantity 7 8 2 3 4 5 64 60 56 In the long run, the number of firms in this monopolistic competitive industry will most likely Multiple Choice 6 Total Output 7 8 Total Cost stay the same. The answer cannot be determined from the given data. $45 55 70 90 115 145 180

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Citrus Scooters is a company that manufactures electric scooters in a monopolistically competitive market. The following graph shows the demand curve, marginal revenue curve (MR), marginal cost curve (MC), and average total cost curve (ATC) for Citrus. Place the black point (plus symbol) on the graph to indicate the short-run profit-maximizing price and quantity for this monopolistically competitive company. Then, use the green rectangle (triangle symbols) to shade the area representing the company's profit or loss. PRICE (Dollars per scooter) 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 Co 0 0 "MC 50 100 ATC MR Demand 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 QUANTITY (Scooters) Monopolistically Competitive Outcome Profit or Loss