15. It is a common misconception that "all mutations are bad." Use the example of rock pocket mice to explain why this is not true. In your answer, explain how the dark coat color mutation can be an advantage to some mice and a disadvantage to others.

15. It is a common misconception that "all mutations are bad." Use the example of rock pocket mice to explain why this is not true. In your answer, explain how the dark coat color mutation can be an advantage to some mice and a disadvantage to others.

Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)

14th Edition

ISBN:9781305073951

Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Chapter10: Control Of Gene Expression

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4CT: The photos above show flowers from Arabidopsis plants. One plant is wild-type (unmutated); the other...

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

21. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPS) mutations are rarely fatal. Which of the following is not an explanation of this fact? a. only about 2 % of the human genome codes for proteins b. many genes are not expressed in most cells c. there are two copies of a gene present d. most SNPS do not code for an extremely important part of a protein e. all of the preceding are satisfactory explanations as to why SNPS are rarely fatal.
6. The starting sequence of a gene changed from AUGTTCGACGTG, to AUGTTTTCGACGTG What type of mutation is this? To answer the question, please explain: I) what the mutation is? 2) what types of mutation do you know? 3) what are the possible outcomes of mutations? 14
1. Pro A wild-type strain of bacteria produces a protein with the amino acid proline (Pro) at one site. Treatment with nitrous acid causes a C to change to a U. Two different mutants are produced after nitrous acid treatment of the bacteria. One has a serine (Ser) in place of the proline, an the other has a leucine (Leu). Further treatment of the two mutants with nitrous acid produces new mutant strains, both with phenylalanine (Phe) at the site. Treatment of the phenylalanine carrying mutants produces no change. U Ser Leu Phe →Phe U с A บบบ UUC UUA LOU UUG CUU CUC CUA CUG- Phe GUU GUC G GUA GUG Leu AUU AUC lle AUA AUG-Met Val с UCU UCC UCA UCG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU ACC ACA ACG GCU GCC GCA GCG Ser Pro Thr Ala A UAU Tyr Cys UAC UAA Stop UGA-Stop UAG UGG-Trp CAU His CAC CGU CGC CAA Gin CGA CAG CGG AAU Asn AAC AAA AAG Lys UGU UGC GAU GAC GAA GAG Asp Glu AGU AGC AGA AGG GGU GGC GGA GGG G b. Explain why further treatment of the phenylalanine mutants with nitrous acid produces no change. Arg…
List the agents in the environment that can change DNA or increase the frequency of mutations. 2. Define mutation. 3. Define a Point mutation and give an example. 4. What is sickle cell anemia and what causes it. 5. What is nondisjunction? How does nondisjunction cause disorders? 6. What is Gene translocation? 7. Would a mutation in one of your muscle cells affect your offspring? Why or why not? 8. What 3 things can individuals do to protect themselves from developing mutations?
What type of mutation is this? 1. Which type of mutation is responsible for new varia tions of a trait? Which type of mutation does not result in an abnormal amino acid sequece? Which type of mutation stops the translation of an mRNA molecule? 2. Sickle Cell Anemia Sickle cell anemia is the result of a type of mutation in the gene that codes for part of the hemoglobin molecule Hemoglobin carries oxygen in your red bloods cells. The mutation causes these red blood cells to become stife sickle-shaped when they release their oxygen. The sickled cells tend to get stuck in blood vessels, causing poin ond increased risk of stroke, blindness, damage to the heart & lungs, and other conditions. Analyze the DNA strands below to determine what amino acid is changed AND what type of mutation occurred Normal hemoglobin DNA A G TC Normal hemoglobin mRNA val• Hisolelo thr•proo Gll Normal hemoglobin AA sequence CA cGT AG A CTGAGG AC AC Sickle cell hemoglobin DNA Sickle cell hemoglobin mRNA Sickle cell…
1. You are studying a variant in a gene controlling wing development, Wng, in Drosophila. Using analysis software, you can see that the variant changes the protein product’s amino acid sequence, but homozygotes for this variant express a WNG protein that functions normally. Which term best describes the effect of this variant? conditional mutation gain of function mutation loss of function mutation neutral mutation synonymous mutation 2. In base excision repair, Photolyase breaks bonds between pyrimidines & Purines Single-stranded binding proteins are used to stabilize the unwound helix. Mut H recognizes the demythylated state, and removes the base DNA Glycolase removes the damaged nitrogenous base 3. Aneuploidy is a change in the number of individual chromosomes. Which of the following is not an example of aneuploidy? Nullisomy Trisomy Monosomy Polysomy Tetrasomy
6. Suppose that brown is the wild-type colour of the iris of eyes. However, dominant autosomal mutations in the genes coding the proteins responsible for the steps of colour determination (shown below) negatively disrupts their functions. The colour of the iris can be either blue, green, brown or no coloration (results in pink iris). B gene represents the pigment transporter; L gene represents the luciferase enzyme; and the C gene represents tyrosinase enzyme). The biochemical pathway for colour determination is the following: Cell of the human iris Blue Blue Luciferase (L) Green Pigment Tyrosinase (C) transporter (B) Brown a. Assuming no confounding factors, which genotype (include all genes mentioned) will result in green iris? b. Assuming that the transporter is composed of 4 subunits of protein coded by the same gene. What will the colour of the iris be if an individual is heterozygote for the gene expressing the transporter? c. Now, assuming the tyrosinase step is incompletely…
Table of the Standard Genetic Code Middle base 5'- C_-3' UCU Ser (S) |UAU Tyr (Y) UCC Ser (S) UAC Tyr (Y) UCA Ser (S) UCG Ser (S)UAG Ter CCU Pro (P) CAU His (H) CCC Pro (P) CCA Pro (P) CAA GIn (Q) CCG Pro (P) CAG GIn (Q) 5'- _U -3' 5'-_A_-3' 5'-_G_-3' 5'-U_-3' UUU Phe (F) 5'-U_-3' UUC Phe (F) 5'-U_-3' |UUA Leu (L) 5'-U_-3' UUG Leu (L) 5'-C_-3' |CUU Leu (L) 5'-C_-3' |CUC Leu (L) 5'-C_-3' CUA Leu (L) 5'-C_ -3' CUG Leu (L) UGU Cys (C) 5'-_U-3' 5'-_C-3' 5'-_A-3' UGG Trp (W) 5'-_G-3' 5'- U-3' 5'-C-3' 5'-_A-3" 5'- G-3' 5'- U-3' 5'-_C-3' 5- А-3' 5'-_G-3' GCU Ala (A) GAU Asp (D) GGU Gly (G) 5'-_U-3' 5'-C-3' GGA Gly (G)5'-_A-3' GGG Gly (G) 5'-_G-3' UGC Cys (C) UGA Ter UAA Ter CGU Arg (R) CGC Arg (R) CGA Arg (R) CGG Arg (R) ACU Thr (T)|AAU Asn (N) AGU Ser (S) AAC Asn (N) AGC Ser (S) AGA Arg (R) AGG Arg (R) CAC His (H) 5'-A_-3' |AUU lle (1) 5'-A_-3' AUC Ile (1) 5'-A_-3' |AUA lle (1) 5'-A_-3' |AUG Met (M) ACG Thr (T) AAG Lys (K) 5'-G_-3' GUU Val (V) 5'-G_-3' GUC Val (V) 5'-G_-3' GUA Val (V)…
14. Some weed killers, insecticides, and food additives alter the DNA of certain cells. Because of this effect, these substances are known as 1) auxins 2) mutagens 3) meristems 4) autosomes 20. The genetic code of a DNA molecule is determined by a specific sequence of 1) ATP molecules 2) sugar molecules 3) chemical bonds 4) molecular bases 21. What determines the kind of genes an organism possesses? 1) type of amino acids in the cells of the organism 2) sequence of the subunits A, T, C, and G in the DNA of the organism 3) size of simple sugar molecules in the organs of the organism 4) shape of the protein molecules in the organelles of the organism
5. Currently you are studying threonine synthesis in E. coli. To find genes whose protein products are important for threonine synthesis, you perform a mutagenesis to find mutants that require a source of threonine to grow. mtl mt2 mt3 nt4 mt5 mt6 mt7 mt8 mt9 wt You find a total of nine mutants, all of which have recessive phenotypes. You perform complementation tests with all of your mutants. Below are the results for your complementation tests. A (+) means growth and a (- means no growth: mtl mt2 mt3 mt4 mt5 mt6 mt7 mt8 mt9 Wt a. How many complementation groups did you identify? For each complementation group, indicate which mutants belong to that complementation group. ++ I++++ + + + + 主+
6. A research group has selected three independent Trp−haploid strains of Neurospora, each of which cannotgrow in the absence of the amino acid tryptophan.They first mated these three strains with a wild-typestrain of opposite mating type, and then they analyzedthe resultant octads. For all three matings, two of thefour spore pairs in every octad could grow on minimalmedium (that is, in the absence of tryptophan), whilethe other two spore pairs were unable to grow on thisminimal medium.a. What can you conclude from this result?In the matings of mutant strains 1 and 2 with wild type,one of the two topmost pairs in some octads had sporesthat could grow on minimal medium while the other ofthe two topmost pairs in the same octads had spores thatcould not grow on minimal medium. In the mating ofmutant strain 3 with wild type, either all the spores inthe two topmost pairs could grow on minimal mediumor all could not grow on minimal medium.b. What can you conclude from this result?The…
7. Looking at mice mutations, we can see many more agouti mice that have turned albino and much less albinos that have turned agouti. Why is this the case?