(11) If you design a gRNA with the sequence, GGU AUC AUU GCA CUG ACC AG, in theory which position of the nucleotide in the genomic DNA sequence below will be cut by Cas9 protein, which may lead to a knockout due to an error in DNA repair? The starting and the end coordinate positions of the DNA fragment on the chromosome are indicated at the beginning and end of the sequence, respectively.

Identify the type of point mutation on the following strands (transition or transversion): a. 5’ TACTGCA 3’          5’ TATTGCA 3’     3’ ATGACGT 5’          3’ ATAACGT 5’ b. 5’ CGACGTTA 3’            5’ CGAGGTTA 3’     3’ GCTGCAAT 5’             3’ GCTCCAAT 5’c. Which of these types is more common and why?

2b) Once an RNA polymerase has initiated transcription, it will release the sigma factor or sigma subunit and bind other proteins known as elongation factors before it begins moving down the DNA template doing strand elongation. Briefly explain why this is necessary - why can't RNA polymerase + sigma factor do all of transcription?

Tay-Sachs disease (TSD) is a fatal genetic disorder, that results in progressive destruction of the nervous system. Tay-Sachs is caused by a mutation in the gene that codes for an enzyme called hexosaminidase-A (Hex-A). Hex A CDNA from normal and a Tay-Sachs individual was sequenced using the same primer. This is the coding strand and starts in-frame at amino acid position #78. Results are shown below. Read the darkest band in each row. Normal Tay-Sachs (-) ATG C ATG C (+) a. Write each coding strand DNA sequence, normal and Tay-Sachs 5' to 3' b. Write the amino acid sequence that will be translated from each sequence, normal and Tay-Sachs C. Describe the type of mutation? Predict the effect of this mutation on the Hex A protein.

2b) What anticodon would a suppressor tRNA have to have to suppress a 5'UAA3' stop codon?

The amino acid sequence of part of a protein has beendetermined:N . . . Gly Ala Pro Arg Lys . . . CA mutation has been induced in the gene encodingthis protein using the mutagen proflavin. The resultingutant protein can be purified and its amino acidsequence determined. The amino acid sequence of themutant protein is exactly the same as the amino acidsequence of the wild-type protein from the N terminus of the protein to the glycine in the preceding sequence. Starting with this glycine, the sequence ofamino acids is changed to the following:N . . . Gly His Gln Gly Lys . . . CUsing the amino acid sequences, one can determinethe sequence of 14 nucleotides from the wild-typegene encoding this protein. What is this sequence?

Look at Figure 17-22 and state which bands are missing in the cri du chat deletion.

G-LO37 Identify the consequences of mutations in different regions of a gene. The image below represents two strands of DNA: the top one corresponds to a healthy individual, and the bottom one of a sibling potentially affected with a disease due to genetic mutations Mutation 1 A + с AUA ACA AUG Met ACG GUU GUC GUA GUG Val GCU GCC GCA GCG It will result in mRNA produced Mutation 2 It will result in no mRNA produced 500 AGG The protein produced will be normal 500 + GGG Ala The Select all that applies about Mutation 1 (position -6): AAGLys AGA Arg GGU GGC GGA GGG GAC Asp GAA Glu GAGJ Gly The protein produced will have a different amino acid 1235 ATT 1235 TTT 070 2070 ALL The mutation occurs in the promoter region, and this means that the mRNA cannot be produced 1535 The mRNA and protein will both be normal because the mutation occurs outside of the consensus region of the promoter G 1535 с Affected

8) Transposons have two methods of transposition. Briefly describe each one and indicate whether genome is the same size or has increased in size after a transposition event.

I've attached the table of transcription ans translation for a DNA and Bees work, Genes A and B are exons while C is an intron. Gene A has a silent mutation and Gene B has a nonsense mutation. Please answer the below for me The 3 genes code for different proteins: • Gene A = protein essential for stinger • Gene B = DNA replication enzyme • Gene C = fuzzy hair protein  Do you think it matters which protein is mutated? Is one protein more important than another?  How would you try to help the bees stay healthy using the information from the mutations?