1. Which of the following accurately compares the role of glucagon and insulin in regulating blood glucose levels? a. Glucagon stimulates organs and tissues to increase their uptake of glucose, whereas insulin stimulates organs and tissues to release glucose. b. The primary function of both glucagon and insulin is to facilitate the uptake of glucose into body cells. c. Glucagon stimulates organs and tissues to release glucose, whereas insulin stimulates organs and tissues to increase their uptake of glucose.

Which statement is false? Select one: a. Blood glucose levels must stay in a specific range. b. Glycogen is broken down to release glucose. c. Type 2 diabetics lack functioning beta cells. d. Insulin stimulates receptors in the liver.

Which of the following hormones function to increase the level of amino acids in the blood?  1.  growth hormone 2.  epinephrine 3.  cortisol 4.  insulin 5.  glucagon 6.  thyroid hormone Choose from the following: (A) 1, 2 and 3 (B) 1, 5, and 6 (C) only 3 (D) 2 and 4 (E) 1, 3, and 6

No significant rise in blood glucose was observed in  sheep injected with saline. This observation was important becasue... Select one: a. Saline does not stimulate the release of glucose b. It demonstrated the sheep were not stressed during the experiment c. It showed the sheep had been starved for 24h prior to the experiment d. It showed stress has no effect on blood glucose concentrations in sheep e. Natural catecolamines have no effect on gluconeogenesis

Epinephrine binding allows the "fight-or-flight" response. Think about how this would differ from insulin binding. In the muscle, what would you expect for pathways use of glucose 6-P? Select all that apply.    a. Glycogen breakdown is activated to produce glucose 6 - phosphate b. Glucose 6-phosphatase is activated to allow glucose release from muscle cell c. Pyruvate kinase is stabilized in the T-state d. Glycogen synthesis is activated e. PRK is stabilized in the R-state, glycolysis is activated

I've been confused about diabetes lately. I know that it's said that the pancreas produces insulin, but someone said that actually the pancreas produces beta and alpha cells that signals for the production of insulin or release of glucagon from another organ/gland. Which is it?

2) Both the nervous system and the endocrine system communicate with remote parts of the body, but they do so in very different ways. Why is muscular contraction under the control of the nervous system and not the endocrine system? Why is growth regulated by the endocrine system?

Ketosis is not likely to occur in acromegaly because: a. GH is not lipolytic hormone b. GH inhibits beta oxidation c. GH stimulates lipoprotein lipase d. Most individuals with acromegaly have sufficient insulin production to suppress ketosis.

Novolog differs from "normal" insulin in that: Select one: a. An aspartic acid has been substituted for proline at B28 b. The proline at B28 and the lysine at B29 have been reversed c. A glycine has been substituten in at A21, and two new arginines have been added as B31 and B32 d. A "C-peptide" chain has been added e. The usual insulin molecule has been combined with zinc isophane

Untreated diabetes leads the body to mobilize glucose stores and break down fats.  If the issue is that blood glucose is too high, why does this happen? a. Intracellular stores of glucose are very low and the cells feel starved b. All of the above explain why this happens c. Most of the glucose leaves through the kidneys since glucose has exceeded Tmax d. Circulating fat stores are low, which promotes lipolysis e. A lack of insulin results in chronic sympathetic drive, using up all the blood glucose