1. Where is insulin synthesised and in what form is it stored in the body? 2. Describe the mechanism of release of insulin into the bloodstream.
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1. Where is insulin synthesised and in what form is it stored in the body?
2. Describe the mechanism of release of insulin into the bloodstream.
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- If the human body is stressed, glucocorticoids: a. promote the breakdown of proteins in the muscles and bones. b. increase the amount of sodium reabsorbed from urine in the kidneys. c. decrease potassium secretion from the kidneys. d. decrease glucose uptake by cells in the nervous system. e. inhibit the synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources.A diabetic who injects too much insulin can lose consciousness. Explain why injecting excess insulin could impair brain function. Glucagon reverses this effect. Explain how.A diabetic who injects too much insulin can lose consciousness. Explain how injecting excess insulin can impair brain function. Explain also why an injection of glucagon can restore normal function.
- Which of the following statements about insulin is true? Insulin acts as a transport protein, cany in g glucose across the cell membrane. Insulin facilitates the movement of inti acellular glucose transporters to the cell membrane. Insulin stimulates the breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose. Insulin stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb glucose into the bloodstream.During the absorptive state, glucose levels are ________, insulin levels are ________, and glucagon levels ________. a. high; low; stay the same b. low; low; stay the same c. high; high; are high d. high; high; are lowA scientist hypothesizes that the pancreas’s hormone production is controlled by neural stimuli. Which observation would support this hypothesis? Insulin is produced in response to sudden stress without a rise in blood glucose Insulin is produced in response to a rise in glucagon levels Beta cells express epinephrine receptors Insulin is produced in response to a rise in blood glucose in the brain.
- A rise in blood glucose levels triggers release of insulin from the pancreas. This mechanism of hormone production is stimulated by: humoral stimuli hormonal stimuli neural stimuli negative stimuliWhich of the following can result from hyperparathyroidism? increased bone deposition fractures convulsions all of the above2. Enlist some of the conditions that can be observed due to hyposecretion of insulin.
- 5. Describe differences between Type I and Type II diabetes. Also, what is the "glucagon paradox" as it relates to diabetes. 6. Which blood profile would best be associated with a patient with early stages of Type II diabetes (see question 5 on glucagon paradox) a. High glucose, high insulin, high glucagon b. Low glucose, high insulin, high glucagon c. High glucose, low insulin, high glucagon d. High glucose, high insulin, low glucagon 7. If you have an alpha islet tumor, explain what your expected relative levels of glucose, insulin, and glucagon.11. What roles do ectopic fat, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction have on the pathogenesis of T2DM? 12. Which fat cells tend to be more insulin sensitive, large or small? Knowing this, how do TZDS a drug that rearranged fat cells – help to treat T2DM?4. Indicate whether each of the following conditions would increase or decrease the rate of glycogenolysis in the liver: a/low blood glucose level b/ secretion of insulin c/ secretion of glucagon 5. Indicate whether each of the following conditions would increase or decrease the rate of glycogenesis in the liver: a/low blood glucose level b/ secretion of insulin c/ secretion of glucagon 6. Indicate whether each of the following conditions would increase or decrease the rate of gluconeogenesis in the liver and kidneys: a/ high blood glucose level b/ secretion of insulin c/ secretion of glucagon - 7. Indicate whether each of the following conditions would increase or decrease the rate of glycolysis: a/ high blood glucose level b/ secretion of insulin c/secretion of glucagon I
