1a.    Type II    Diabetes involves    the development of    insulin resistance (i.e.    a dampening of the metabolic    response to insulin). Describe    the metabolic effects of such resistance. 1b.        What would    the likely metabolic    effects be of a person    being hypersensitive to insulin?

B. Alkaloid caffeine contained in coffee seeds causes hyperglycemia and has a stimulatory effect, although it does not interact with epinephrine receptors. It is known that caffeine inhibits phosphodiesterase activity. Why can caffeine decrease the blood glucose level? Explain the answer and draw the appropriate schemes.

Discuss how diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) occurs and its clinical manifestations. In your response be sure to address the following points (i) the three events that characterize DKA; (ii) the underlying molecular causes of each of the three events; (iii) the clinical manifestations and treatments of DKA.

Please specify how hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism occur. Why is the iodine important for homeostasis? What is the appropriate drugs to treat hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism among the below drugs: Peroxidine: A drug that inhibits thyroid peroxidase from functioning Cimigine: A drug that inhibits potassium/iodine cotransporter Iodimine: A drug that inhibits iodinase from functioning Aldosine: A drug that inhibits production of angiotensinogen from the liver Aldoramine: A drug that inhibits sodium/iodine cotransporter Thyromine: A drug that stimulates thyroglobulin production Thank you,