(a)Table Q1(a) shows typical values for the intracellular and extracellularconcentrations of the major ion species (in millimoles per litre) for frog skeletalQ1muscle.Table Q1(a)Permeability (cm/s)2 x 10-82 x 1064 x 10-6IonsIntracellularExtracellularNa*12145K*15544120By referring to Table Q1(a), compute the equilibrium resting potential for thismembrane by assuming the room temperature is 20° C. Given the Boltzman'sconstant, k= 1.38 x 1023 J/K and an electronic charge, q = 1.602 x 1019 C.

All cells have an electrical potential difference or membrane potential across their plasma…

Answered: Table Q1(a) shows typical values for…

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter7: The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1SQE

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e Translate G what tissue type between orga x + ses/49703/quizzes/244278/take/questions/5325213 i. Name the two levels of the hierarchy of structural organization represented on the model below. ii. Name the storage form of glucose (a polymer) that is found in animal cells (i.e. our cells). iii. Consider the following experiment: a. Intracellular solute concentration = 200 mOsm b. Extracellular solute concentration = 300 mOsm In which direction will water move? Choose the letter. note: There are no dots or arrows associated with this model. i. ii. ii. Choose a or b Rgvious Next
One of the important uses of the Nernst equation is in describing the flow of ions across plasma membranes. Ions move under the influence of two forces: the concentration gradient (given in electrical units by the Nernst equation) and the electrical gradient (given by the membrane voltage). This is summarized by Ohms law: Ix=Gx(VmEx) which describes the movement of ion x across the membrane. I is the current in amperes (A); G is the conductance, a measure of the permeability of x, in Siemens (S), which is I/V;Vm is the membrane voltage; and Ex is the equilibrium potential of ion x. Not only does this equation tell how large the current is, but it also tells what direction the current is flowing. By convention, a negative value of the current represents either a positive ion entering the cell or a negative ion leaving the cell. The opposite is true of a positive value of the current. a. Using the following information, calculate the magnitude of Na [ Na+ ]0=145mM,[ Na+ ]i=15mM,Gna+=1nS,Vm=70mV b. Is Na+ entering or leaving the cell? c. Is Na+ moving with or against the concentration gradient? Is it moving with or against the electrical gradient?
Contraction in both skeletal and smooth muscles requires theinflux of Ca2+ into the cytoplasm. Compare and contrast thelocations and functions of the molecules to which Ca2+ binds inskeletal and smooth muscles, and explain the steps that lead tocross-bridge cycling in each type of muscle.
Electrophoretic flow and electroosmotic flow (EOF) plays an important role in capillary electrophoresis (CE) for ions movement. Explain the differences between electrophoretic flow and EOF. b) Suggest two different approaches (other than reducing the voltage) to reduce the electroosmotic flow. c) Three water soluble vitamins: niacinamide (a neutral compound), riboflavin (a neutral compound) and thiamine (a cation) were separated by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) in 15 mM borate buffer (pH 8) with 50 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate. The migration times were niacinamide (7.5 min), riboflavin (12.8 min) and thiamine (13.9 min) Explain why these vitamins were separated using MEKC. Explain why niacinamide and riboflavin (both are neutral compounds) have different migration times. (i) With the aid of a diagram, differentiate flow profile of electroosmotic flow (EOF) and laminar flow. (ii) Discuss the effect of both flows in term of peak resolution.
For most neurons, the extracellular concentration of chloride ions (Cl-) is 108 mM, whilethe intracellular concentration of Cl- is 5 mM.If the plasma membrane becomes more permeable to Cl-, would there be Clinflux or Cl- efflux at an RMP of -70 mV? Why?
If Ecl=-70mV, and the membrane depolarises slightly to -60mV, how will Cl- behave?
6) Consider the mechanism of net NaCl secretion across an epithelium shown below (in attachment) What provides the driving force for Cl- entry through the basolateral membrane into cell?
Calculate the resting membrane potential of a cell when gCl = 0, gK = 0.6 and gNa = 0.4. Assume that gtotal = 1. If you prefer to use the Goldman equation using permeability than PNa =0.01 and PK = 0.99.
Discuss the 2 motor proteins associated with the MT in detail, but do not include structure.
It is not an easy matter to assign particular func-tions to specific components of the basal lamina, sincethe overall structure is a complicated composite materialwith both mechanical and signaling properties. Nidogen,for example, cross-links two central components of thebasal lamina by binding to the laminin γ-1 chain and totype IV collagen. Given such a key role, it was surprisingthat mice with a homozygous knockout of the gene fornidogen-1 were entirely healthy, with no abnormal phe-notype. Similarly, mice homozygous for a knockout of thegene for nidogen-2 also appeared completely normal. Bycontrast, mice that were homozygous for a defined muta-tion in the gene for laminin γ-1, which eliminated just thebinding site for nidogen, died at birth with severe defectsin lung and kidney formation. The mutant portion of thelaminin γ-1 chain is thought to have no other functionthan to bind nidogen, and does not affect laminin struc-ture or its ability to assemble into the basal lamina.…
a skeletal muscle cell has depleted its stores of ATP how will the altered transport properties of the NKA transporter affect cytosolic calcium concentrations (increase, decrease, no change) relative to normal? Why?
The sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, pumps 2 mol Ca2+ out of sarcomeres per mol ATP hydrolyzed. Given the following steady-state concentrations and a membrane potential of 67 mV (inside negative), calculate ΔG for the following active transport process at 37 ∘C and pH=7.4:2Ca2+(in)+ATP+H2O→2Ca2+(out)+ADP+Pi+H+

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