Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 24.3, Problem 3SB
Summary Introduction
To review:
The three advantages of using molecular characters in phylogenetic analysis.
Introduction:
Molecular systematics use molecular characters, such as, the
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What is a phylogenetic tree?
Which of the following best explains why coalescent-based phylogenetic inference is important in the age of phylogenomics?
A) Coalescent-based methods directly model gene tree histories independently to infer the species tree in a summary-based manner, which is important for phylogenomic analysis were hundreds to thousands of gene histories are analyzed.
B) Coalescent-based methods have the most advanced evolutionary models of molecular evolution, which is important for phylogenomic analysis were hundreds to thousands of gene histories are analyzed.
C) Coalescent-based methods are no more important than other types of phylogenetic inference, even for phylogenomic analyses.
D) None of the above.
what is a major problem with morphologically based analysis of wale placement in a phylogenetic tree ?
Chapter 24 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 24.1 - How does the system of binomial nomenclature...Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 24.2 - What is the difference between a phylogenetic tree...Ch. 24.2 - What are the differences between a monophyletic...Ch. 24.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 24.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 24.3 - Prob. 3SBCh. 24.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 24.5 - How does outgroup comparison facilitate the...Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 2SB
Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 3SBCh. 24.6 - What assumption underlies the use of genetic...Ch. 24.6 - Prob. 2SBCh. 24.7 - Prob. 1SBCh. 24.7 - Prob. 2SBCh. 24 - The evolutionary history of a group of organisms...Ch. 24 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 24 - Which of the following does not help systematists...Ch. 24 - In a cladistic analysis, a systematist groups...Ch. 24 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 24 - When systematists study morphological or...Ch. 24 - Which of the following pairs of structures are...Ch. 24 - To construct a phylogenetic tree by applying the...Ch. 24 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 24 - Imagine that you are a systematist studying a...Ch. 24 - Design an Experiment Imagine that you are trying...Ch. 24 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 24 - The phylogenetic tree for 12 cat species (Felidae)...
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- What does a phylogenetic tree depict?arrow_forwardThe number of possible trees resulting from phylogenetic analysis grows exponentially with the number taxa, such that in a 22 taxon analysis there are more possible unrooted trees than there are stars in the universe. A) True B) False C) It depends on the inference method and optimality criteria used. D) Number of taxa and number of unrooted tree possibilities are unrelated in phylogenetic analysis.arrow_forward1. a) What is a phylogenetic tree? b) What do the lines and branches in a phylogenetic tree represent?arrow_forward
- Within the field of phylogenetics, what does a “bootstrap value” represent? (write/make 3 points for this question)arrow_forwardHow is a phylogenetic “bootstrap value” calculated?arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between a cladogram and a phylogenetic tree? Given a cladogram for a group of species, what additional interpretation is needed to obtain a phylogenetic tree?arrow_forward
- Explain the steps for Constructing a species-level phylogenetic tree usingDNA sequences ?arrow_forwardWhy is molecular data for phylogenetic inference best analyzed with use of an explicit model of molecular evolution? A) This is true of morphological data, not molecular data, it is impossible to model changes in molecular sequence data because it is constantly evolving. B) Because molecular data is known to only experience random changes and is constantly evolving, a chaotic model of evolution can universally be applied to molecular sequence data for phylogenetic analysis. C) Because molecular data is known to experience non-random changes in terms of the likelihood of different types of mutations -- transitions vs. transversions, at different codon positions, which can be used to infer sequence evolution and relationship. D) None of the above.arrow_forwardWhat is the purpose of using an “outgroup” when reconstructing a phylogenetic tree? (Write 4 points)arrow_forward
- Describe the two methods that are used to identify similarity between species when creating phylogenetic trees.arrow_forwardThe approach to estimating phylogenetic trees is most like the approach of which species concept? 2) A) Morphological species concept B) Biological species conceptC) Subspecies concept D) Phylogenetic species concept Then explain why the answer is correct and the rest are inccorect.arrow_forwarda) What is a phylogenetic tree? b) What is a branch point? c) What are sister taxa? d) What is a ‘rooted’ phylogenetic tree?arrow_forward
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