Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 24, Problem 1ITD
The phylogenetic tree for 12 cat species (Felidae) reproduced at right was assembled from molecular sequence data. Which species is the domestic cat’s closest relative? Which clade is the sister taxon to tigers? Are bobcats more closely related to cougars or to ocelots?
Source: From Warren E. Johnson et al. 2006. The late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment. Science 311:73–77.
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How, specifically, is the concept of ALLOMETRY relevant to the phylogenetic position of Homo
floresiensis?
Because if allometry explains the anatomy of Homo floresiensis then we can conclude that it is not
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Although most mammals on islands go through a process of getting smaller, Homo floresiensis evolved from
a smaller ancestor to be bigger, meaning that allometry is an important factor.
Mutations in the allometry allele are associated with many of the characteristics of Homo floresiensis.
Because Homo floresiensis is so much smaller than other members of the genus Homo, it is important to
determine how shape changes associated with smaller size impacted the species.
Because Homo floresiensis had both small- and large-bodied forms, variation within the species is in large
part dictated by allometry.
Referring to the phylogenetic tree shown above, answer the following questions:
1. How many OTUs are included in the phylogenetic analysis?
2. How many clades are there?
3. What is an autapomorphic trait of the domestic cat? Explain why?
4. What is the shared derived trait (synapomorphy) in the Family Felidae? Explain why?
How do mechanisms of speciation, such as genetic isolation, reproductive barriers, and ecological factors, apply to the human-chimp-gorilla trichotomy?
Discuss the role of these mechanisms in driving speciation and shaping the evolutionary relationships among humans, chimps, and gorillas, based on genetic evidence such as comparative genomics and molecular phylogenetics.
Chapter 24 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 24.1 - How does the system of binomial nomenclature...Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 24.2 - What is the difference between a phylogenetic tree...Ch. 24.2 - What are the differences between a monophyletic...Ch. 24.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 24.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 24.3 - Prob. 3SBCh. 24.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 24.5 - How does outgroup comparison facilitate the...Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 2SB
Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 3SBCh. 24.6 - What assumption underlies the use of genetic...Ch. 24.6 - Prob. 2SBCh. 24.7 - Prob. 1SBCh. 24.7 - Prob. 2SBCh. 24 - The evolutionary history of a group of organisms...Ch. 24 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 24 - Which of the following does not help systematists...Ch. 24 - In a cladistic analysis, a systematist groups...Ch. 24 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 24 - When systematists study morphological or...Ch. 24 - Which of the following pairs of structures are...Ch. 24 - To construct a phylogenetic tree by applying the...Ch. 24 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 24 - Imagine that you are a systematist studying a...Ch. 24 - Design an Experiment Imagine that you are trying...Ch. 24 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 24 - The phylogenetic tree for 12 cat species (Felidae)...
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