Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 24, Problem 3TYK
Which of the following does not help systematists determine whether a morphological character state is ancestral or derived?
a. outgroup comparison
b. patterns of embryonic development
c. studies of the fossil record
d. studies of the character in more related species
e. dating of the character by molecular clocks
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Which of the following are true about outgroups?
a.
They help identify plesiomorphic traits in the phylogeny
b.
They are a taxa that is known to not be within the species group in question
c.
They do not have any autapomorphic traits
d.
They are less evolved than the species of interest
Which characters are most informative in phylogenetic reconstruction because they indicate monophyletic groups?
A. Homoplasies
B. Symplesiomorphies
C. Recently evolved traits that are found in just one species
D. Ancestral traits
E. Synapomorphies
In order to determine polarity for different states of a character
a. there must be a fossil record of the groups in question.
b. genetic sequence data must be available.
c. an appropriate name for the taxonomic group must be selected.
d. an outgroup must be identified.
Chapter 24 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 24.1 - How does the system of binomial nomenclature...Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 24.2 - What is the difference between a phylogenetic tree...Ch. 24.2 - What are the differences between a monophyletic...Ch. 24.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 24.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 24.3 - Prob. 3SBCh. 24.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 24.5 - How does outgroup comparison facilitate the...Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 2SB
Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 3SBCh. 24.6 - What assumption underlies the use of genetic...Ch. 24.6 - Prob. 2SBCh. 24.7 - Prob. 1SBCh. 24.7 - Prob. 2SBCh. 24 - The evolutionary history of a group of organisms...Ch. 24 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 24 - Which of the following does not help systematists...Ch. 24 - In a cladistic analysis, a systematist groups...Ch. 24 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 24 - When systematists study morphological or...Ch. 24 - Which of the following pairs of structures are...Ch. 24 - To construct a phylogenetic tree by applying the...Ch. 24 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 24 - Imagine that you are a systematist studying a...Ch. 24 - Design an Experiment Imagine that you are trying...Ch. 24 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 24 - The phylogenetic tree for 12 cat species (Felidae)...
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- Select the taxon that MOST CLOSELY applies to each of the statements below regarding anthropoids. Each term may be used once or not at all. Hominin genus with small head and oval birth canal. a. Homo sapiens + Species with a brain mass approximately three times larger than that of b. Homo heidelbergensis other extant hominins. c. Homo floresiensis * Species that comparative genomics suggests hybridized with Homo sapiens. d. Gigantopithecus e. Aegyptopithecus + Small-statured species found in Indonesia up to about 50,000 years ago. f. Homo neanderthalensis + Genus conjectured by some to have been responsible for the Yeti myth in southeast Asia. g. Homo h. Homo erectus i. Ardipithecus ramidus j. Proconsul k. Homo habilis 1. Australopithecus m. Australopithecus afarensisarrow_forwardPhylogenetic trees are constructed based on Group of answer choices a. shared ancestral characters b. vestigial characters c. homoplastic characters d. cartoon characters e. shared derived characters f. shady charactersarrow_forwardWhich of the following most likely demonstrates that classification is the basis of evolutionary relatedness? A. Organisms that share similar characteristics are impliedly understood to have common ancestors, thus having an evolutionary relationship. B. Classification is to organize organisms into groups based on their differences and similarities and evolutionary history, so as evolution changes, classification will also change C. Classification based on evolutionary relatedness always infer that all organisms that evolved similarly shares the same history. D. Homologous structures among organisms depicts the same evolutionary history or paths.arrow_forward
- Which of the following assumptions is not part ofcladistics?a. A lineage’s characters change over time.b. All species share common ancestry.c. Each lineage branches from another lineage.d. Similar body parts are evidence of a recentdivergencearrow_forwardA scientist has developed 3 different phylogenies that describe the relationships between different species of elephants. In Phylogeny A, there are 4 total changes that resulted in 4 different species. In Phylogenies B and C, there are still 4 total species represented, however, they take 6 and 8 changes, respectively, to create them. Which phylogeny is probably correct? a.)Phylogeny A b.)Phylogeny B c.)Phylogeny C d.)All of the above, given every clade contains the same organismsarrow_forwardWhich of the following is/are TRUE in phylogenetic analysis? 0000000 A. In a phylogram, the longer the branch length, the lesser genetic change. B. A bootstrap value of 90-100 indicates a weakly supported clade. C. Neighbor-Joining and Maximum Parsimony does not consider convergence as an influencing factor in creating an evolutionary tree. D. Phylogenetic analysis treats each base of a sequence as a molecular character for analysis. Both C and D are True statements. Both B and Care True statements. None. All of the statements are False.arrow_forward
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