Chapter EH, Problem 34R

Solution

Interpretation : The physical properties of the elements in group 14 are to be summarized.

Concept Introduction : Group 14 refers to the second group of elements in the p-block of the periodic table. Additionally known as the carbon group. This group's members include Lead (Pb), Germanium (Ge), Tin (Sn), Silicon (Si), and Carbon (C).

The melting and boiling point of the carbon group falls down the group while the density and metallic character is increased.

The general electronic configuration of group 14 components is $n{s}^{2}n{p}^2$ . The outermost p orbitals of these atoms contain two electrons.

As you move down the carbon group, metallic properties become more prevalent in the elements.

The nonmetal is carbon. Metalloids like silicon and germanium exist. Metals include tin and lead.

Carbon can take the form of an orange-red solid, a hard, transparent solid, a soft, slick grey solid, or a black powder.

Silicon can come in the form of a shiny-gray solid or a brown powder.

Germanium is a solid that is glossy, gray-white, and easily fractured.

There are two types of tin as well. One form is a solid that is silvery-white, and the other is a solid that is shiny gray. Both types are malleable and ductile.

Shiny-gray solid is lead. It is ductile, soft, and malleable.

Densities rise and boiling and melting points fall as one moves along the group.