Chapter EH, Problem 22R

Solution

Interpretation : Some transition metals can form ions with more than one charge is to be explained.

Concept Introduction : Elements with partially filled d orbitals are referred to as transition elements (also referred to as transition metals). The physical characteristics of the transition elements result from their electronic configuration.

Transition metals form ions with more than one charge due to the electron rearrangements of the ss and dd subshells.

The valence electrons of the four series of d-block elements that make up the main transition metals are dispersed over the respective d-subshell. These metals frequently produce cations with various charges.

The transition metals have several ions due to the rearrangement of electrons on the dd and ss subshells which form stable electron configurations for the ions.

All the transition metals have s-orbital in the outer shell which can easily electrons and form a common ion of +2 charge.

For instance, Manganese can form a different number of ions from +1 to +7 ions.