Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134047799
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter CHST3, Problem 4DQ
The phenomena of somatic mosaicism and chimerism are more prevalent than most people realize. For example, pregnancy and bone marrow transplantation may lead to a person's genome becoming a mixture of two different genomes. Describe how DNA
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The current state-of-the-art in forensic DNA profiling involves the PCR-amplification and analysis ofshort tandem repeats, STRs, in the human genome. This approach has many distinct advantages.Please list and explain three of those advantages.
a. DNA fingerprinting is a method of visualizing similarities and differences in the DNA sequence of individuals. Arrange the following items so that they show the DNA fingerprinting steps in proper order:
- Gel electrophoresis
- Stain or probe for DNA
- cut DNA into fragments
- Amplify DNA sample using PCR
b. On the gel shown below are four DNA samples. Samples A to C are taken from tissues of landslide victims that are being identified, while sample D came from a hair sample brought by a mother looking for the remains of her son. (see img)
i. If similar band patterns in a gel are created using the same restriction enzyme, what does that tell you about the DNA sequence of the samples?
ii. In sample C, only two fragments were created. How many restriction sites (regions where enzymes cut) are present in sample C?
What is the application of DNA extraction in healthcare? Cite at least 3 specific examples.
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Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
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- 1 2 Today's technology has made it easier to quickly and accurately generate DNA profiles. In this part of the activity, you will model the process yourself to solve a crime. Good luck, detective! Crime Report: A thief has stolen a priceless collection of jewels from the Museum of Precious Jewels. Forensic technicians obtained skin cells from a forehead print left on the glass enclosure of the jewel exhibit. DNA has been isolated and PCR amplified for some of the standard STR loci. A partial genetic profile generated from the collected DNA is shown in Figure 5. 10 50 DNA Profile from Forehead Print Number of base pairs 00 50 40 D58818 075830 I 16 MU DES1179 Shandand (10) 70 CSF1PO DITS820 80 100 Figure 5. The DNA profile of the forehead print from the scene of the crime. Each colored line shows the alleles for one of four of the core CODIS STR loci (D5S818, CSF1PO, D7S820, D8S1179). and data for the four STR loci that were included in the A suspect was identified in the case. Her DNA…arrow_forwardWhy are entire genomes not used for DNA profiling?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is/are true? Choose only the best answer. Repetitive DNA can influence the appearance of an organism. Simple sequence DNA, transposable elements, and large-segment duplications are examples of repetitive DNA. Repetitive DNA can be useful in genetic profiling. All three of the other statements are true.arrow_forward
- Why is the company Qiagen has more refined DNA extraction steps than a normal Strawberry DNA extraction practical? Summary of Qiagen DNA extraction steps Add ATL buffer and grind with sample. Add 20 microliters of enzyme Proteinase K to degrade protein into a 1.5-2ml microcentrifuge tube. Add 200 microlitres AL lysis buffer, and mix by vortexing for 5–10 seconds, which breaks cell membrane allowing DNA to be released. Incubate the sample at 56 degrees for 10 minutes. Mix the cell lysate with 200 microlitres ethanol by pipetting it at the side of the microcentrifuge wall so DNA precipitates. The DNA forms a white layer and the remaining liquid is discarded. Pipet the mixture into DNeasy Mini spin column placed in a 2 ml collection tube. Centrifuge for a minute at 8000 rpm. Place the mini spin column into a 2 ml collection tube, add 500 µl Buffer AW1, and centrifuge for 1 min at 8000 rpm. Then add it to a new 2 ml collection tube (provided), add 500 µl Buffer AW1, and centrifuge for 1…arrow_forwardBriefly describe the procedure of AluQuant human DNA quantitation system. Explain why it is important to quantify DNA from the viewpoint of DNA profiling.arrow_forward1. Determine the chemical reagents utilized in banana DNA extraction and their roles. What role does each reagent play to isolate DNA? Note:Materials:1. ripe banana 2. distilled water 3. liquid dishwashing soap 4. table salt 5. isopropyl/ethyl alcohol 6. fork7. plastic cups8. tape 9. plastic spoons10. measuring spoons and a measuring cup 11. cone paper coffee filter 12. plastic drinking glassarrow_forward
- Explain the Technical Issues Surrounding DNA Profiling ?arrow_forwardIn DNA isolation techniques, a washing step is always done prior to the final resuspension. What is the purpose of this step? In DNA isolation from blood samples, why does the vial for blood storage contain EDTA? In the preparation for DNA isolation in plants, the plant source is refrigerated and ground prior to extraction. Why is this so? Why are DNA pellets air-dried before resuspension in buffer?arrow_forwardSome recombinant DNA techniques depend on the specific hybridization (or annealing) between two complementary DNA fragments. Give an full explaination.arrow_forward
- What are some difficulties with low copy number DNA analysis? What kinds of checks and balances can a laboratory employ to ensure reliability of DNA profiles coming from low amounts of DNA templatearrow_forwardHow is the color of the spot coverted into useful data if data is collected from a Vicrochip DNA microarray that's from the colors of spots that illuminate when the spots have a laser shine on them? From the following which one is the best option The color of the spot is converted to a number that represents the intensity of green or red, so that the numerical intensity values can be compared between spots by a computer program The color of the spot is bright so that it can be interpreted visually by trained scientists The color of the spot is present on the chip, counted and a ratio of red-yellow and green-yellow is calculated which can be done by hand The color of the spot can't be converted None of the abovearrow_forwardWhat is DNA fingerprinting? Mention its application.arrow_forward
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