Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Question
Chapter 9.1, Problem 3R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The given reaction and explain:
The kind of reaction taking place (oxidation or reduction).
The nature of the reaction (exergonic or endergonic).
The kind of coenzyme, which catalyzes the reaction.
Introduction:
Citric acid cycle (CAC) or Krebs cycle operates under aerobic conditions in the mitochondria in the eukaryotes and in the cytoplasm in the prokaryotes. It is an 8-step reaction, which utilizes acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) as a substrate. The conversion of succinate to fumarate takes place during this cycle, which is shown as follows:
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Consider the reaction:
H O
C—C—C—SCOA
H₂C(CH₂)C=
CO
H
H₂C-(CH₂)
What kind of reaction is being performed here?
b. What enzyme performs this reaction?
OH H O
O=C
-C—C—C—SCOA
H H
c. What cofactors, if any, are required for this reaction?
The reaction pictured is an oxidation-reduction reaction in the citric acid cycle in which the energy-carrier molecule NADH is
generated. Identify which molecule in the reaction will be oxidized and which molecule will be reduced. Place a single answer
choice in each box.
COO-
HO-C-H
H-C-H
COO-
Malate
NAD+ NADH + H+
Oxidized
malate
oxaloacetate
COO-
H-C-H
ī
COO-
Oxaloacetate
Reduced
NADH
NAD+
What is the citric acid cycle? Provide a schematic diagram of the citric acid cycle with chemical structures of each compound in the cycle. Indicate the cofactors and products at each step as well as the name of each of the enzymes involved.
Chapter 9 Solutions
Life: The Science of Biology
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- There are eight chemical reactions that occur in the citric acid cycle process. The reactions of the citric acid cycle are shown in the figure below. Several classes of organic reactions like these classes include esterification, decarboxylation, hydration reactions, dehydration of alcohols, oxidation of alcohols, oxidation of aldehydes, reduction of aldehydes, and reduction of ketones. Find at least one of these reaction classes in the citric acid cycle. List the reaction number and the reaction. Write a sentence or two on how you were able to make the classification.arrow_forwardSuggest a name for the enzyme that catalyzes each of the following reactions. a. transfer of a phosphate from ATP to glycerol b. addition of water to fumarate c. isomerization of glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphatearrow_forwardThe mechanism of chymotrypsin is used as a model for studying enzyme reaction mechanisms. Answer the following questions related to chymotrypsin: 1. List the 3 amino acids in the catalytic triad of chymotrypsin. 2. List the types of catalytic mechanisms (from the 3 main types of catalytic mechanisms) displayed in the mechanism of chymotrypsin.arrow_forward
- Convert the following reactions into "Metabolic Engineering" notation: C6H1206 + 2 H20 → 2 C2H60 + 2 HCO3 + 2 H* b. ATP + glucose > glucose-6-phosphate + ADP 3.arrow_forwardDoes any step of the citric acid cycle directly produce ATP? Explain.arrow_forwardSuggest a name for an enzyme that catalyzes each of the following reactions. Oxidation of nitrite Decarboxylation of citrate Reduction of oxalatearrow_forward
- List four different products of citric acid cycle.arrow_forwardFor each of the four possibilities listed below (a through d), only one answer is correct and the others are false. Identify the correct statement and explain why the others are false. In your answer, write CORRECT next to the statement that you think is true, and ONLY for the ones that you think are false, explain what is wrong with the statement . When glucose reacts with ATP to form glucose-6-phosphate (as shown on the figure below): 1. The synthesis of glucose-6-phosphate is exergonic 2. ADP is at a higher energy level than ATP 3. Glucose-6-phosphate is at a higher energy level than glucose 4. Because ATP donates a phosphate to glucose, this is not a coupled reactionarrow_forwardWhat is the significance of substrate-level phosphorylation reactions? Which of the reactions in the citric acid cycle involve a substrate-level phosphorylation? Name another example from a biochemical pathway with which you are familiar.arrow_forward
- Which reaction in the citric acid cycle is most analogous to the oxidative decarboxylation of 6- phosphogluconate to ribulose 5-phosphate? What kind of enzymebound intermediate is formed in both reactions?arrow_forwardAll coenzymes are cofactors, but not all cofactors are coenzymes. Explain this statement briefly.arrow_forwardWhat two major kinds of chemical reactions occur in the citric acid cycle, and how are these reactions indicated symbolically?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSON
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
Anaerobic Respiration; Author: Bozeman Science;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cDC29iBxb3w;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY