21st Century Astronomy
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780393428063
Author: Kay
Publisher: NORTON
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Chapter 9, Problem 6QP
To determine
Choose the correct option regarding the statement.
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If you were suddenly placed at an altitude of 100 km (62 mi) above Earth, would you expect your stomach to expand or contract?
A. My stomach will contract because the air pressure is less than the pressure in my stomach.
B. My stomach will expand because the air pressure is less than the pressure in my stomach.
C. My stomach will contract because the air pressure is greater than the pressure in my stomach.
D. My stomach will expand because the air pressure is greater than the pressure in my stomach.
On the surface of the moon where local gravity is
1.67 m/s?, 4.4 kg of gas occupy a volume of 1.2
m³.
Determine
a. Specific volume of the gas m³/kg
b. Density in g/cm³
c. Specific weight in Ib/ft³
Suppose you are a miner and you drank a can of soda inside a deep mine. There, the soda tastes flat. But when you rode the mine shaft elevator, you keep on burping as you ascend to the surface. Why is that?
A. Pressure in the air decreases.
B. Pressure in the air increases.
C. Pressure in the air remains the same.
D. You cannot determine what happens.
Chapter 9 Solutions
21st Century Astronomy
Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 9.1CYUCh. 9.2 - Prob. 9.2CYUCh. 9.3 - Prob. 9.3ACYUCh. 9.3 - Prob. 9.3BCYUCh. 9.4 - Prob. 9.4CYUCh. 9.5 - Prob. 9.5CYUCh. 9 - Prob. 1QPCh. 9 - Prob. 2QPCh. 9 - Prob. 3QPCh. 9 - Prob. 4QP
Ch. 9 - Prob. 5QPCh. 9 - Prob. 6QPCh. 9 - Prob. 7QPCh. 9 - Prob. 8QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9QPCh. 9 - Prob. 10QPCh. 9 - Prob. 11QPCh. 9 - Prob. 12QPCh. 9 - Prob. 13QPCh. 9 - Prob. 14QPCh. 9 - Prob. 15QPCh. 9 - Prob. 16QPCh. 9 - Prob. 17QPCh. 9 - Prob. 18QPCh. 9 - Prob. 19QPCh. 9 - Prob. 20QPCh. 9 - Prob. 21QPCh. 9 - Prob. 22QPCh. 9 - Prob. 23QPCh. 9 - Prob. 24QPCh. 9 - Prob. 25QPCh. 9 - Prob. 26QPCh. 9 - Prob. 27QPCh. 9 - Prob. 28QPCh. 9 - Prob. 29QPCh. 9 - Prob. 30QPCh. 9 - Prob. 31QPCh. 9 - Prob. 32QPCh. 9 - Prob. 33QPCh. 9 - Prob. 34QPCh. 9 - Prob. 35QPCh. 9 - Prob. 36QPCh. 9 - Prob. 37QPCh. 9 - Prob. 38QPCh. 9 - Prob. 39QPCh. 9 - Prob. 40QPCh. 9 - Prob. 41QPCh. 9 - Prob. 42QPCh. 9 - Prob. 43QPCh. 9 - Prob. 44QPCh. 9 - Prob. 45QP
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- Explain why the Moon and Mercury possess only very weak, transient atmospheres consisting of constituents temporarily captured from the solar wind or released by collisions with interplanetary debris.arrow_forwardDuring forced exhalation, such as when blowing up a balloon, the diaphragm and chest muscles create a pressure of 60.0 mm Hg between the lungs and chest wall. What force in newtons does this pressure create on the 600 cm2 surface area of the diaphragm?arrow_forwardEvangelista Torricelli was the first person to realize that we live at the bottom of an ocean of air. He correctly surmised that the pressure of our atmosphere is attributable to the weight of the air. The density of air at 0C at the Earths surface is 1.29 kg/m3. The density decreases with increasing altitude (as the atmosphere thins). On the other hand, if we assume the density is constant at 1.29 kg/m3 up to some altitude h and is zero above that altitude, then h would represent the depth of the ocean of air. (a) Use this model to determine the value of h that gives a pressure of 1.00 atm at the surface of the Earth. (b) Would the peak of Mount Everest rise above the surface of such an atmosphere?arrow_forward
- Review, (a) H it has enough kinetic energy, a molecule at the surface of the Earth can escape the Earths gravitation in the sense that it can continue to move away from the Earth forever as discussed in Section 13.6. Using the principle of conservation of energy, show that the minimum kinetic energy needed for escape is m0gRE where m0 is the mass of the molecule, g is the free-fall acceleration at the surface, and RE is the radius of the Earth, (b) Calculate the temperature for which the minimum escape kinetic energy is ten times the average kinetic energy of an oxygen molecule.arrow_forwardHow many cubic meters of helium are required to lift a light balloon with a 400-kg payload to a height of 8 000 m? Take Hc = 0.179 kg/m3. Assume the balloon maintains a constant volume and the density of air decreases with the altitude z according to the expression pair = 0e-z/8 000, where z is in meters and 0 = 1.20 kg/m3 is the density of air at sea level.arrow_forward(a) Find the average time required for an oxygen molecule to diffuse through a 0.200-mm-thick tear layer on the cornea. (b) How much time is required to diffuse 0.500 cm3 of oxygen to the cornea if its surface area is 1.00 cm2?arrow_forward
- (a) How high will water rise in a glass capillary tube with a 0.500-mm radius? (b) How much gravitational potential energy does the water gain? (c) Discuss possible sources of this energy.arrow_forwardThrowing a ball around in the cold weather can hurt more because: A.The air density inside the ball stays the same, but your hands are numb. B.The air density inside the ball is roughly constant, but it’s colder. C.The air density inside the ball increases, therefore making it feel more solid. D.The air density inside the ball decreases, therefore making it feel more solid.arrow_forward5. True or false. In each case, explain your answer quantitativeły. Information that you might find useful: the escape speed from near Earth's surface is = 10*m/s. (a) Helium atoms on the surface of the Earth can escape into space. (b) Helium atoms moving at average speed on the surface of the Earth can escape into space. (c) On average, a Helium atom on the surface of the Earth moves faster than a nitrogen molecule.arrow_forward
- 1. A deep sea diver is working at a depth where the pressure is 4.0 atmospheres. He is breathing out air bubbles. The volume of each air bubble is 2 cm?. At the surface the pressure is 12 atmospheres. What is the volume of each bubble when it reaches the surface?arrow_forward1. We commonly ignore the pressure variation with elevation for gases inside a storage tank. Why? 2. What are possible boundaries and type of system for studying each of the following: a) a bicycle tire inflating b) a jet engine in flight. c) a residential gas furnace in operation. d) a rocket launching.arrow_forward2. It has been proposed that we could explore Mars using inflated balloons to hover just above the surface. The buoyancy of the atmosphere would keep the balloon aloft. The density of the Martian atmosphere is p = 0.0154 kg/m³ (although this varies with temperature). Suppose we construct these balloons of a thin but tough plastic having an area density = 5.10 g/m² (i.e., each square meter has a mass of 5.10 g). We inflate the balloons with a very light gas whose mass we can neglect. a) If such a balloon were floating just above the surface of Mars, what forces would be acting on it? Express each force in terms of the balloon's radius along with the parameters given above, and calculate the necessary radius for the balloon to be in equilibrium. b) Calculate the mass of a balloon with the radius you found in part (a). c) Suppose we release a balloon of this size on Earth, where the density of the atmosphere is 1.3 kg/m³. Would it go up, go down, or hover in place? Calculate its initial…arrow_forward
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