21st Century Astronomy
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780393428063
Author: Kay
Publisher: NORTON
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Chapter 9, Problem 12QP
To determine
Choose the correct option regarding the given statement.
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3. Calculate the geostrophic wind speed in meters per second for a geopotential height
gradient of 102 m per 1000 km. Compare this value with the four gradient wind
speeds for the same height gradient and a radius of curvature of 500 km. Identify
the anomalous and normal cyclones and anticyclones. Assume f = 10-4 s¯¹. [~
Holton 3.4]
-1
S
Scientists who study the conditions and phenomena in the atmosphere are called
A. astrologists.
B. hydrologists.
C. meteorologists.
2. Show that the divergence of the geostrophic wind is – v,(cot $)/a if the
variations in fwith latitude are accounted for (i.e., use the full definition of
the Coriolis parameter f = 2.0 sin p). To derive this relationship, recall that
on a spherical planet, the distance north is y = aø, where ø is latitude (in
radians) and a is the radius of Earth (6,370,000 m). Thus, a derivative in y
can be expressed as a derivative in latitude o via the following relationship:
a 1 a
ду
а дф
Chapter 9 Solutions
21st Century Astronomy
Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 9.1CYUCh. 9.2 - Prob. 9.2CYUCh. 9.3 - Prob. 9.3ACYUCh. 9.3 - Prob. 9.3BCYUCh. 9.4 - Prob. 9.4CYUCh. 9.5 - Prob. 9.5CYUCh. 9 - Prob. 1QPCh. 9 - Prob. 2QPCh. 9 - Prob. 3QPCh. 9 - Prob. 4QP
Ch. 9 - Prob. 5QPCh. 9 - Prob. 6QPCh. 9 - Prob. 7QPCh. 9 - Prob. 8QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9QPCh. 9 - Prob. 10QPCh. 9 - Prob. 11QPCh. 9 - Prob. 12QPCh. 9 - Prob. 13QPCh. 9 - Prob. 14QPCh. 9 - Prob. 15QPCh. 9 - Prob. 16QPCh. 9 - Prob. 17QPCh. 9 - Prob. 18QPCh. 9 - Prob. 19QPCh. 9 - Prob. 20QPCh. 9 - Prob. 21QPCh. 9 - Prob. 22QPCh. 9 - Prob. 23QPCh. 9 - Prob. 24QPCh. 9 - Prob. 25QPCh. 9 - Prob. 26QPCh. 9 - Prob. 27QPCh. 9 - Prob. 28QPCh. 9 - Prob. 29QPCh. 9 - Prob. 30QPCh. 9 - Prob. 31QPCh. 9 - Prob. 32QPCh. 9 - Prob. 33QPCh. 9 - Prob. 34QPCh. 9 - Prob. 35QPCh. 9 - Prob. 36QPCh. 9 - Prob. 37QPCh. 9 - Prob. 38QPCh. 9 - Prob. 39QPCh. 9 - Prob. 40QPCh. 9 - Prob. 41QPCh. 9 - Prob. 42QPCh. 9 - Prob. 43QPCh. 9 - Prob. 44QPCh. 9 - Prob. 45QP
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- a. How stable is an inversion and why? How does an inversion form? b. Give a detailed explanation of why warm air rises. c. How stable is an inversion and why? How does an inversion form?arrow_forward10. A wind is blowing at a speed of 24 km/h in a directión 17° North of East. The eastward (X) component of the wind is a. 7.01 km/h b. 22.95 km/h c. -29.17 km/h d. 7.33 km/h 11. The radius of a carbon nanotube is 5nm. This radius in the S.I. system of units is a. 5*10^-3 m b. 5*10^-6 m c. 5*10^-9 m d. 5*10^-12 marrow_forward4. Meteorologists track hurricanes as they develop over oceans. The following illustration shows the anticipated storm track of a hurricane that developed in August 2009 over the Atlantic Ocean. What are meteorologists doing when they create storm tracks such as this one? 8 AM Sat. 8 AM Fri. 8 PM Thurs. 8 AM Thurs. 8 PM Wed. A. predicting B. testing their ideas C. explaining how a hurricane works D. gathering information to determine the strength of a hurricane Explanation:arrow_forward
- If we pushed the Earth closer to the Sun, it would develop a thick, CO2-rich atmosphere like Venus. All of that CO2 would come from the Earth's a. sea floor after the oceans evaporate b. mantle after the crust melts c. volcanic eruptions which would become more frequent d. polar regions after the ice caps meltarrow_forward1. A weather forecaster reported that a typhoon heading northwest is moving at 115 kilometers in 1 hour. Which of the following describes the velocity of the typhoon? A. 115 km B. 115 km NW C. 115 km/h D. 115 km/h NW 2. The speed limit sign in the nearest road in your neighborhood is 30kph (kilometers per hour). Who among the following drivers will serve as an example for you to obey the speed limit and other traffic signs to avoid accidents? A. A motorcycle driver who covers a distance of 20 kilometers in 30 minutes or 0.5 hour. B. A tricycle driver running a 140-kilometer distance in 5 hours. C. A taxi driver travelling 200 kilometers in 2 hours. D. A truck driver with 500 kilometers in 10 hours.arrow_forward3. Estimate the volume transport of the Hadley Cell given: a. Meridional speed of 2 m/s b. Depth of atmosphere 3000 m c. Assume a latitude of 20°N d. Radius of Earth, 6.378 x 10® marrow_forward
- 1. A giant ice sheet expands quickly over the surface of North America. For how long must the ice sheet remain in place in order to cool the crust to a depth of 2000 m? The thermal diffusivity of crustal rocks is ~ 10-6 m²/s. Give your answer in years.arrow_forwardQUESTION 3 The surface of Venus receives a. a lot more sunlight than the surface of the Earth b. much less sunlight than the surface of the Earth c. about as much sunlight as the surface of the Earth QUESTION 4 Venus has very low surface wind speed because a. the greenhouse effect makes the surface temperature nearly uniform b. it has a very thin atmosphere c. the thick clouds don't allow for much convection in the atmosphere d. it doesn't have a large moonarrow_forwardWrite TRUE or FALSE Lift force in wind turbine is an aerodynamic force which acts in the direction of 15. airflow. 16. Desalination is the process where minerals and salts are added to water. 17. Bituminous coal has higher calorific value than lignite coal. 18. Biomass contains stored energy from the sun. 19. Neap tide occurs during new moon and full moon days. 20. Hydrogen is obtained as a byproduct in a fuel cell .arrow_forward
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