Manufacturing Engineering & Technology
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780133128741
Author: Serope Kalpakjian, Steven Schmid
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Chapter 9, Problem 42QTP
Refer to the properties listed in Table 7.1. If acetal is reinforced with E-type glass fibers, what is the range of fiber content in glass-reinforced acetal?
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Students have asked these similar questions
For a glass/epoxy lamina with a 70% fiber volume fraction using the properties in the tables
provided below
(a) Find the ultimate tensile strength.
(b) Find the minimum and critical fiber volume fractions related to (a).
(c) Find the compressive strength when the matrix undergoes extension mode and when the
matrix undergoes shear mode, which one controls the compressive failure?
Property
Axial modulus
Transverse modulus
Axial Poisson's ratio
Transverse Poisson's ratio
Shear modulus
Axial tensile strength
Axial compressive strength
Transverse tensile strength
Transverse compressive strength
Shear strength
Epoxy Glass Units
3.4 85 GPa
3.4
85
GPa
0.3 0.20
0.3
0.20
1.308 35.42 GPa
72
1550 MPa
102
1550 MPa
72
1550 MPa
102
1550 MPa
34 35 MPa
For a given polymer, the activation energy for stress relaxation was measured to be 10 kJ/mol. If the stress relaxation time for this polymer at room
temperature is 3,600 s, what would be the relaxation time at 100 ◦C?
Many thermoplastics are brittle below their glass transition temperature. Describe the particular phenomenon that can precede fracture (crack propagation) in some of these?
Chapter 9 Solutions
Manufacturing Engineering & Technology
Ch. 9 - Distinguish between composites and metal alloys.Ch. 9 - Describe the functions of the matrix and the...Ch. 9 - Name the reinforcing fibers generally used to make...Ch. 9 - What is the range in length and diameter of...Ch. 9 - List the important factors that determine the...Ch. 9 - Comment on the advantages and limitations of...Ch. 9 - What are the most commonly used matrix materials?...Ch. 9 - Describe the advantages of hybrid composites over...Ch. 9 - What material properties are improved by the...Ch. 9 - Describe the purpose of the matrix material.
Ch. 9 - What are the most common types of glass fibers?Ch. 9 - Explain the difference between a carbon fiber and...Ch. 9 - How can a graphite fiber be made electrically and...Ch. 9 - What is a whisker? What is the difference between...Ch. 9 - Describe the composition of boron fibers. Why are...Ch. 9 - Give a succinct definition of fiber, yarn, and...Ch. 9 - How do you think the use of straw mixed with clay...Ch. 9 - What products have you personally seen that are...Ch. 9 - Describe applications that are not well suited for...Ch. 9 - Is there a difference between a composite material...Ch. 9 - Identify metals and alloys that have strengths...Ch. 9 - What limitations or disadvantages do composite...Ch. 9 - Give examples of composite materials other than...Ch. 9 - Explain why the behavior of the materials depicted...Ch. 9 - Explain why fibers are so capable of supporting a...Ch. 9 - Do metal-matrix composites have any advantages...Ch. 9 - Give reasons for the development of ceramic-matrix...Ch. 9 - Explain how you would go about determining the...Ch. 9 - How would you go about trying to determine the...Ch. 9 - Glass fibers are said to be much stronger than...Ch. 9 - Describe situations in which a glass could be used...Ch. 9 - When the American Plains states were settled, no...Ch. 9 - By incorporating small amounts of a blowing agent,...Ch. 9 - Referring to Fig. 9.2c, would there be an...Ch. 9 - Calculate the average increase in the properties...Ch. 9 - In Example 9.1, what would be the percentage of...Ch. 9 - Calculate the percent increase in the mechanical...Ch. 9 - Calculate the stress in the fibers and in the...Ch. 9 - Repeat the calculations in Example 9.1 if (a)...Ch. 9 - Refer to the properties listed in Table 7.1. If...Ch. 9 - Plot the elastic modulus and strength of an...Ch. 9 - For the data in Example 9.1, what should be the...Ch. 9 - It is desired to obtain a composite material with...Ch. 9 - A rectangular cantilever beam, 100 mm high, 20 mm...Ch. 9 - What applications for composite materials can you...Ch. 9 - Using the information given in this chapter,...Ch. 9 - Would a composite material with a strong and stiff...Ch. 9 - Make a list of products for which the use of...Ch. 9 - Inspect Fig. 9.1 and explain what other components...Ch. 9 - Name applications in which both specific strength...Ch. 9 - What applications for composite materials can you...Ch. 9 - As with other materials, the mechanical properties...Ch. 9 - Developments are taking place in techniques for...Ch. 9 - As described in this chapter, reinforced plastics...Ch. 9 - Comment on your observations on the design of the...Ch. 9 - Make a survey of various sports equipment and...Ch. 9 - Several material combinations and structures were...Ch. 9 - It is possible to make fibers or whiskers with a...Ch. 9 - Describe how you can produce some simple composite...Ch. 9 - Gel spinning is a specialized process used in...Ch. 9 - Figure P9.65 shows a section of a...
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- Describe, giving an example, how annealing affects the dynamic-mechanical thermal (DMT) properties of crystalline thermoplastics.arrow_forwardAnswer the following questions. i) Write down the important properties of polymers. ii) What do you mean by a highly elastic material and provide an example for that material. . iii) Which type of polymer is used to manufacture plastic pipes and explain the characteristics of that polymer. (Minimum 2 points) -arrow_forwardsketch the generalized stress-strain curve for a semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymer.arrow_forward
- Calculate the composite elastic modulus for polyester reinforced with 60% volume fraction of carbon fibers under isostrain longitudinal conditions. Modulus of elasticity of polyester is 2900 MPa and for carbon fiber is 175,000 MPa.arrow_forwardIt is desired to produce an aligned and continuous fiber-reinforced epoxy composite having a maximum of 50% fibers. A minimum longitudinal modulus of elasticity of 55 GPa and a minimum tensile strength of 1200 MPa are required. E-glass and carbon (PAN standard modulus) fibers are the possible candidates to select. In addition, assume the stress levels on the epoxy matrix at fiber failure are 70 MPa for E-glass fiber and 30MPa for carbon fiber, respectively. Which fiber meets the design requirement? Use the properties given in the Table below to evaluate your selection. Materials Epoxy matrix E-glass Carbon Modulus of Elasticity (GPa) 3.1 72.5 230 Tensile Strength (MPa) 69 3450 4000arrow_forwardWhat is the tensile strength of a composite fibre when its diameter is 20 microns and its critical fibre length is 30 microns? The strength between the fibre and matrix is 150 MPa.arrow_forward
- Molecular weight data for some polymer are tabulated here. Compute (a) the number-average molecular weight, (b) the weight-average molecular weight. (c) If it is known that this material's degree of polymerization is 710, which one of the polymers listed in Table 14.3 is this polymer? Why? Molecular Weight Range g/mol 15,000-30,000 Xi Wi 0.04 0.01 30,000-45,000 0.07 0.04 45,000-60,000 0.16 0.11 60,000-75,000 0.26 0.24 75,000-90,000 0.24 0.27 90,000 105,000 0.12 0.16 105,000-120,000 0.08 0.12 120,000-135,000 0.03 0.05arrow_forwardBoron coated with SiC reinforced aluminum containing 40 vol.% fibers is animportant high temperature, light weight composite material. Estimate the density, modulus of elasticity, and tensile strength of composite parallel to the fiber axis. Also estimate the modulus of elasticity of composite perpendicular to the fibres.arrow_forwardWhat factors influence the crystallinity ofpolymers? Explain the development androle of crystallinity in PET and nylon.arrow_forward
- A tensile load of 120N is applied to an aluminum boron composite with 1mm^2 cross sectional area.the volume of parallel fibers is 20%.what is the stress in the fibers when the load Axis is (a)parallel to the fibers (b)perpendicular to the fibersarrow_forwardBoron coated with SiC reinforced aluminium containing 40 vol.% fibers is animportant high temperature, light weight composite material. Estimate the density,modulus of elasticity and tensile strength of composite parallel to the fiber axis. Alsoestimate the modulus of elasticity of composite perpendicular to the fibres.arrow_forward( B ) A stress of 6.7 MPa is employed to one type of a polymer under constant strain . After 40 days at 20 ° C the stress is reduced to only 8.4 MPa . When the same polymer is heated to 40 ° C the relaxation time is 40 days . 1- Calculate the relaxation time constant for this material at 25 ° C ? 2- Estimate the stress after 50 days at 25 ° C ? 3- Estimate the stress relaxation activation energy for the same polymer .arrow_forward
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