Chapter 9, Problem 3D

Explanation of Solution

Top-down model:

• In python programming, the functions can be called from main code or from any other function.
• The complexity of a program code can be reduced using a technique called “top-down design”.
• In top-down design,
  • The programmer concentrates on the important actions that should be done firstly.
  • Here, the programmer defines all the important actions (functions) without worrying about details of how it is done.
  • The functions are handled later.
• In top down design,
  • The complex problem is divided to smaller sub problems.
  • Then all the smaller sub problem is again applied with the dividing technique.
  • So, eventually the programmer gets the smallest possible divisions which are easy to solve.
  • Finally, all the solved sub-problems are added to get the solution for original complex problem.

Spiral model:

• The spiral model is introduced by the scientist Barry Boehm in 1986.
• The phases of a spiral model begin with a design goal and ends with a review progress from client...