Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134711751
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 9, Problem 24BS
Gregor Mendel never saw a gene, yet he concluded that some inherited factors were responsible for the patterns of inheritance he observed in peas. Similarly, maps of Drosophila chromosomes (and the very idea that genes are carried on chromosomes) were conceived by observing the patterns of inheritance of linked genes, not by observing the genes directly Is it legitimate for biologists to claim the existence of objects and processes they cannot actually see? How do scientists know whether an explanation is correct?
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Gregor Mendel never saw a gene, yet he concluded that some inherited factors were responsible for the patterns of inheritance he observed in peas. Similarly, maps of Drosophila chromosomes (and the very idea that genes are carried on chromosomes) were conceived by observing the patterns of inheritance of linked genes, not by observing the genes directly. Is it legitimate for biologists to claim the existence of objects and processes they cannot actually see? How do scientists know whether an explanation is correct?
A graduate student performing studies on mutations in drosophila (fruit flies) discovered a
strain of flies with a silent mutation in the gene controlling the shape of the wings. Further
investigation has shown that this mutation is lethal in flies who are homozygote. Flies that are
homozygote wild type or heterozygote can develop and are able to survive.
What is a silent mutation (in your own words) and propose a hypothesis that could explain
these observations using concepts learned. (a hypothesis is a proposed explanation based on
an observation or observations)
You are working in the lab with strains of Drosophila that have either normal legs or abnormally short legs and you are studying the gene responsible. You know that normal legs are dominant to short legs. You come across a misplaced fly with normal legs, but you are not sure of his genetic background and you want to keep him in your experiments.
(Without doing a molecular analysis), How could you figure out whether he was heterozygous or homozygous for the leg gene that you are studying? (Describe what you would do and how the results would answer the question.)
What is the procedure you described above called?
Chapter 9 Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (6th Edition)
Ch. 9 - The genetic makeup of an organism is called its...Ch. 9 - Which of Mendels laws is represented by each...Ch. 9 - Prob. 3SQCh. 9 - Prob. 4SQCh. 9 - Prob. 5SQCh. 9 - Prob. 6SQCh. 9 - Prob. 7SQCh. 9 - Prob. 8SQCh. 9 - Prob. 9SQCh. 9 - Prob. 10SQ
Ch. 9 - Prob. 11SQCh. 9 - Prob. 12SQCh. 9 - Incomplete dominance is seen in the inheritance of...Ch. 9 - Why was Henry VIII wrong to blame his wives for...Ch. 9 - Prob. 15SQCh. 9 - Prob. 16SQCh. 9 - Prob. 17SQCh. 9 - Prob. 18IMTCh. 9 - Prob. 19IMTCh. 9 - Prob. 20IMTCh. 9 - Prob. 21PSCh. 9 - Prob. 22PSCh. 9 - Prob. 23BSCh. 9 - Gregor Mendel never saw a gene, yet he concluded...Ch. 9 - Prob. 25BS
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- Propose a hypothesis that could explain the following observation. A graduate student performing studies on mutations in drosophila (fruit flies) discovered a strain of flies with a silent mutation in the gene controlling the shape of the wings. Further investigation has shown that this mutation is lethal in flies who are homozygote. Flies that are homozygote wild type or heterozygote can develop and are able to survive.arrow_forwardIf you continue with biological studies in the future, you are most likely going to carry out fruit fly experiments. Drosophila melanogaster are used in genetics labs due to how inexpensive they are, how visible their traits are, and their high reproductive rate. In Drosophila, the gene for red and white eye colour is found on the X chromosome. The allele for red eyes (XR) is dominant to the allele for white eyes (Xr). You are asked to cross a pure breeding white-eyed female with a pure breeding red-eyed male. What are the genotypes of the individuals involved in this cross? XRXR XRXr XRX- XrXr XRY XrY Genotype of the parent male Answer Genotype of the parent female Answer Genotype of the male offspring Answer Genotype of the female offspring Answerarrow_forwardgiven a situation in which you manipulated a zebrafish embryo by injecting high levels of retinoic acid so that no anterior genes will be expressed. Surprisingly, after embryonic development, you are still able to observed the presence of anterior structures. What could explain this observation? What changes in your experiment would you make to achieve your objective?arrow_forward
- Read the following passage carefully about some aspects of genetics involving a certain species of Drosophila and then answer the following questions in parts The gene for the production of eye colour in this species of fruit fly can be expressed as either normal red-eyes or as brown-eyes. The allele for the normal red eyes is dominant to that of brown, and is transmitted in normal Mendelian fashion. A gene involved with body colour in this species of fruit fly is located on the non-homologous portion of the X chromosome, and has two alleles, grey and yellow, where the grey allele is dominant to yellow. The two genes are NOT linked. a) Produce a key to clearly show the nature of the alleles associated with the eye colour in this species of Drosophila, and in each case justify your choice of letters and / or style of presentation to best depict the genetics involved. b) State the type of genetics involved in terms of body colour, justifying your answer with the evidence from…arrow_forwardConstruct a genetic map using the following data: A line of drosophila has been constructed with three recessive mutations: sc = loss of thorax bristles ("scute") ec = roughened eye surface ("echinus") vg = vestigial wings The dominant, wild-type version of each allele could be written as vg + or ec+, but we will write them just as "+" for simplicity. P generation: We cross homozygous recessive flies (sc ec vg / sc ec vg) with homozygous dominant (wild-type) flies (+ + + / + + +). F1 generation: All of the flies produced by the parental cross have the dominant (wild-type) phenotype. Genetically, these flies are: (sc ec vg / + + + ). F2 generation: We produce an F2 generation by mating the F1 flies with homozygous recessive flies (sc ec vg / sc ec vg) This cross produces an F2 generation with 8 different phenotypes: All wild type features – 430 echinus – 5 echinus, vestigial – 29 scute – 25 scute, echinus – 44 scute, echinus, and vestigial – 417 scute,…arrow_forward. In the plant Arabidopsis thaliana, a geneticist is interested in the development of trichomes (small projections). A large screen turns up two mutant plants (A and B) that have no trichomes, and these mutants seem to be potentially useful in studying trichome development. (If they were determined by single-gene mutations, then finding the normal and abnormal functions of these genes would be instructive.) Each plant is crossed with wild type; in both cases, the next generation (F1) had normal trichomes. When F1 plants were selfed, the resulting F2’s were as follows: F2 from mutant A: 602 normal; 198 no trichomes F2 from mutant B: 267 normal; 93 no trichomesa. What do these results show? Include proposed genotypes of all plants in your answer. b. Under your explanation to part a, is it possible to confidently predict the F1 from crossing the original mutant A with the original mutant B?arrow_forward
- Drosophila can have 1, 2, or 3 stripes on their body. From previous experiments, you suspect that there are 2 genes (Gene C and Gene D) that control the number of stripes. A recent published paper described a similar stripe pattern in bees. Furthermore, in bees, Gene C is recessively epistatic to Gene D, are on different chromosomes, and the order of function is the following: C D 3 stripes → 2 stripes 1 stripe You therefore set out to test the hypothesis that Gene Cis also recessively epistatic to Gene D in Drosophila. To do so, you begin by crossing pure breeding 1-striped drosophila with pure breeding 3-stripped drosophila. To statically test your hypothesis, you proceed to perform a chi-square analysis on data obtained from the F1 X F1 cross. Using your hypothesis as your basis to analyze the results, fill the table below. Note: You do not have to calculate the chi-square or make a conclusion. Just fill the table. Observed Еxpected Нуpothesized Phenotypic ratio Phenotypes F2…arrow_forwardIt seems that developmental genetics boils down to a complex network of gene regulation. Try to draw a structure of this network for Drosophila. How many genes do you think are necessary to complete the developmental network for the fruit fly? How many genes do you think are needed for a network to specify one segment? Do you think it is more difficult to identify genes that are involved in the beginning, middle, or end of this network? Suppose you were trying to identify all of the genes needed for development in a chicken. Knowing what you know about Drosophila development, would you first try to identify genes necessary for early development, or would you begin by identifying genes involved in cell differentiation?arrow_forward1)Ganarles contain one kind of each chromosome because the homologous chromosomes separate during meiosis. True or False? 2)In humans, there are two alleles possible at the chromosome locus that determine blood type. True or False? 3) Mendel was a famous naturalist who developed the concept that lead to the laws of evolution. True or False? 4) Embryonic stem cells come from embryos made for research. True or False? 5) An organisms environment history, in addition to the phenotype, can influence the genotype. True or false? 6) During métodos homólogos chromosome sorteaste and the daughter cells have one copy of each kind of chromosome. True or False? 7) the surtidor include all the pair of chromosome except the X and Y Chromosome. True or False? 8) during DNA replication, the patent DNA molecule unerring and unzips. Then reach old stand serves as a template for a new stand. True or False? 9) mutations due to replication errors and environmental factors are quite common due to the proof…arrow_forward
- Several Drosophila species with unspotted wings are descended from a spotted ancestor. Would you predict the loss of spot formation to entail coding or noncoding changes in pigmentation genes? How would you test which is the case?arrow_forwardAn undergraduate researcher in your lab is studying mutations affecting the wings of Drosophila melanogaster. She has identified two mutant phenotypes of interest: bent wings (be), which are recessive to the wild-type straight wings (be+), and apterous (ap) mutants (which are wingless). The apallele is recessive to the wild-type allele (ap+), which allows wings to develop. If a homozygous bent-winged fly (which possesses the normal allele of apterous) is crossed with a homozygous wingless fly (which possesses the normal allele of bent wings), what phenotypic ratio would you expect to observe in the F2 generation of this cross? a) Please indicate the ratio, including the genotypes and phenotypes of all phenotypic classes. Phenotype: Genotype(s) corresponding to this phenotype Phenotypic ratio: (Be sure to NAME the classes in the ratio). B) Please NAME and DEFINE the type of gene interaction illustrated in this example.arrow_forwardDrosophila geneticists made the first genetic maps. They claimed that the gene loci that they mapped “behaved mathematically as though they were in linear order” in the genetic material. They did not claim that these loci were actually physically located in a line along the chromosome. 1. Given what was known about chromosomes and the genetic material at that time, are these statements correct? Why or why not?arrow_forward
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