Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134711751
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Question
Chapter 9, Problem 23BS
Summary Introduction
To explain: The reason why the governmental societies are resistant to cross-breed mixing and the addressing of the genetic defects that currently plague the genetic breeds.
Introduction: The inbreeding of various species of dogs like Cavalier King Charles Spaniel causes the chances of the occurrence of diseases like heart murmurs. The cross breeding of the dogs with other non-identical varieties causes the occurrence of other diseases. The pedigree charts and phylogenetic maps should be studied. The pedigree chart analyzes the genes in the parents and offspring with the analysis of the mutations in the various lineages to study the progeny formed ahead.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Tay-Sachs is a recessive lethal disease in which there is neurological deterioration early in life. This disease is rare in the population overall but is found at relatively high frequency in Ashkenazi Jews from Eastern Europe. A woman has a maternal uncle who had the disease. Her father does not come from a high-risk population. Her husband’s sister died of the disease at an early age. Draw the pedigree of the individuals described. Include the genotypes where possible.
. A corn geneticist has three pure lines of genotypes a/a ; B/B ; C/C, A/A ; b/b ; C/C, and A/A ; B/B ; c/c. All the phenotypes determined by a, b, and c will increase the market value of the corn; so, naturally, he wants to combine them all in one pure line of genotype a/a ; b/b ; c/c. a. Outline an effective crossing program that can be used to obtain the a/a ; b/b ; c/c pure line. b. At each stage, state exactly which phenotypes will be selected and give their expected frequencies. c. Is there more than one way to obtain the desired genotype? Which is the best way?Assume independent assortment of the three gene pairs. (Note: Corn will self or cross-pollinate easily.
our sister breeds Labradors, but is unaware of the genetics of coat color, so she has been mixing and matching various breeding pairs, unable to predict the outcomes. She recently bred two black labs, expecting to get only black lab puppies, but instead, the litter included black, brown, and yellow pups. She is confused, but since you know your genetics, you can explain to her what’s going on.
What are the genotypes of these two parents, for both of the genes involved?
What are the possible genotypes of the various offspring? (Organize them by
phenotype.)
Litters of puppies are too small for reliable statistics, but if these two parents had a large
number of puppies over time, what are the expected ratios (or fractions or percents) of the three possible coat colors?
Chapter 9 Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (6th Edition)
Ch. 9 - The genetic makeup of an organism is called its...Ch. 9 - Which of Mendels laws is represented by each...Ch. 9 - Prob. 3SQCh. 9 - Prob. 4SQCh. 9 - Prob. 5SQCh. 9 - Prob. 6SQCh. 9 - Prob. 7SQCh. 9 - Prob. 8SQCh. 9 - Prob. 9SQCh. 9 - Prob. 10SQ
Ch. 9 - Prob. 11SQCh. 9 - Prob. 12SQCh. 9 - Incomplete dominance is seen in the inheritance of...Ch. 9 - Why was Henry VIII wrong to blame his wives for...Ch. 9 - Prob. 15SQCh. 9 - Prob. 16SQCh. 9 - Prob. 17SQCh. 9 - Prob. 18IMTCh. 9 - Prob. 19IMTCh. 9 - Prob. 20IMTCh. 9 - Prob. 21PSCh. 9 - Prob. 22PSCh. 9 - Prob. 23BSCh. 9 - Gregor Mendel never saw a gene, yet he concluded...Ch. 9 - Prob. 25BS
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- While stuck at home in quarantine, several Bi213 students decide to conduct an experiment using their beloved cats. These students learn that a fictional gene "H" correlates with how happy their pets are to have their owners at home more frequently than usual. Cats that are homozygous dominant (HH) or heterozygous (Hh) are very happy to see their owners 24/7. While cats that are homozygous recessive (hh) are starting to miss having the house to themselves. The students collaborate with their professors to genotype the H allele in their cats by sequencing their DNA. They obtain the following data: 8 HH cats, 21 Hh cats, and 84 hh cats. The table below may be helpful. (Observed - Eaреcted)? Σ Еaрected Genotype (О— Е) (0 – E)² (0 – E)²/E Observed Еxpеcted E HH Hh hh x² = %3D df = p = Conduct a chi-square test to determine if this population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Enter your chi-square with 2 decimals in the box below.arrow_forwardCertainly, not all Muppets look like the one shown in the picture below, nor do they all look the same. In fact, there’s a great deal of phenotypic variation in Muppets. Two traits that have been particularly well-studied are curly hair presences and skin color. One individual is a male, and he possesses a green skin and no hair, whereas the female individual possess a curly hair and pink skin. Let’s call the gene controlling skin coloration S and that controlling hair H. In this species, both hair and green skin are recessive traits. Both of the individuals shown are homozygous. 1. What is the genotypes of Miss Piggy: 2. Kermit's Genotype: 3. If these two lovebirds (er, love-muppets?) mated, what would their offspring look like? Describe all phenotype combinations possible and the ratios in which they would occur?arrow_forwardThe figures below depict shared chromosomal regions between 2 full-sibling humans (Figure A) and inbreeding localized to chromosomal regions in a dog (Figure B). Despite these figures being described differently for humans and canines, they are based on the same genetic principle. Identify this principle and describe how this principle is used/reflected in the two figures.arrow_forward
- Pigeons have long been the subject of genetic studies. Indeed, Charles Darwin bred pigeons in the hope of unraveling the principles of heredity but was unsuccessful. A series of genetic investigations in the early 1900s worked out the hereditary basis of color variation in these birds. W. R. Horlancher was interested in the genetic basis of kiteness, a color pattern that consists of a mixture of red and black stippling of the feathers. He carried out the following crosses to investigate the genetic relation of kiteness to black and red feather color (W. R. Horlancher. 1930. Genetics 15:312–346). Cross Offspring kitey × kitey 16 kitey, 5 black, 3 red kitey × black 6 kitey, 7 black red × kitey 18 red, 9 kitey, 6 black a. On the basis of these results, propose a hypothesis to explain the inheritance of kitey, black, and red feather color in pigeons. (Hint: Assume that two loci are involved and some type of epistasis occurs.) b. For each of the preceding crosses, test your hypothesis by…arrow_forwardConsider two blood polymorphisms that humans have in addition to the ABO system. Two alleles LM and LN determine the M, N, and MN blood groups. The dominant allele R of a different gene causes a person to have the Rh+ (rhesus positive) phenotype, whereas the homozygote for r is Rh− (rhesus negative). Two men took a paternity dispute to court, each claiming three children to be his own. The blood groups of the men, the children, and their mother were as follows:From this evidence, can the paternity of the children be established?arrow_forwardYou are studying the genetics of a newly discovered small animal. You note that most of the population is black in colour but about 1/4 of them are white. You have determined that there is a gene (B) that produces an enzyme that converts a pigment molecule to produce the Black colour. There are 2 alleles of this gene - the dominant B and the recessive b. DNA analysis shows that black individuals have either a BB or Bb genotype and that white individuals have a bb phenotype. However, after extensive DNA analysis, you have discovered that a small percentage of White individuals have either a BB or Bb genotype. Describe two reasons (at a molecular level) that could explain this apparent anomaly. There wasn't a mistake in analysis! These individuals did have a BB or Bb genotype but a white phenotype.arrow_forward
- Consider the MN blood system in humans. This blood system consists of only two alleles, M and N, and they are codominant to each other. Three genotypes are possible, and these genotypes can be easily identified through simple blood typing procedures, including the heterozygous MN due to the codominant mode of inheritance. Consider the following data: Phenotype Genotype Number of individuals M MM 89 MN MN 162 N NN 79 1. How many alleles exist in this population? 2. What is the genotypic frequency of the M blood type in the population? 3. What is the allelic frequency of M? 4. What is the allelic frequency of N? 5. What is the genotypic frequency of MN? Write your answers directly. You do not need to show your solution.arrow_forwardA very large population of rabbits has been allowed to breed randomly in a laboratory research program. The rabbits vary in their coat colour, which is either gray or black. After many generations, 25% of the rabbits display a recessive phenotype for gray coat colour (aa), the same percentage as at the beginning of the breeding program. The other 75% of the rabbits show the dominant black coat phenotype, with heterozygotes (Aa) indistinguishable from the homozygous dominants (AA) What is a reasonable conclusion explaining the fact that the frequency of the recessive trait (aa) has not changed over time? a. There has been sexual selection favouring allele a b. The two phenotypes have about equal fitness under laboratory conditions C. The population is undergoing genetic drift d. The genotype AA is lethalarrow_forwardIn this program, you are provided with phenotype pair counts of F2 offspring at two research institutes. The key different between this work and previous work is that now we consider two genes instead of one. The phenotype pairs are the (shape, color) of peas from a pea plant. It turns out that there are two separate genes that code for these phenotypes. We shall call them Shape and Color. Gregor Mendel originally recorded these experiments in green peas. Using the notation: R = Round (dominant) allele at Shape gene; r = Wrinkled (recessive) allele at Shape gene; Y = Yellow (dominant) allele at Color gene; y = Green (recessive) allele at Color gene; then the shape and color of any pea can be determined by studying the genotypes at each gene. It turns out that, when one mates a plant that is homozygous for the dominant alleles (RRYY) with a plant that is homozygous for the recessive alleles (rryy), the F1 generation are heterozygous at both genes, as with a single gene disorder.…arrow_forward
- A planet is inhabited by creatures that reproduce with the same hereditary patterns seen in humans. Three phenotypic characters are height (T = tall, t = dwarf), head appendages (A = antennae, a = no antennae), and nose morphology (S = upturned snout, s = downturned snout). Since the creatures are not “intelligent,” Earth scientists are able to do some controlled breeding experiments using various heterozygotes in testcrosses. For tall heterozygotes with antennae, the offspring are tall antennae, 46; dwarf antennae, 7; dwarf no antennae, 42; tall no antennae, 5. For heterozygotes with antennae and an upturned snout, the offspring are antennae upturned snout, 47; antennae downturned snout, 2; no antennae downturned snout, 48; no antennae upturned snout, 3. Calculate the recombination frequencies for both experiments.arrow_forwardThe complete absence of one or more teeth (tooth agenesis) is a common trait in humans-indeed, more than 20% of humans lack one or more of their third molars. However, more severe absence of teeth, defined as missing six or more teeth, is less common and frequently an inherited condition. L. Lammi and colleagues examined tooth agenesis in the Finnish family shown in the pedigree below (L. Lammi, American Journal of Human Genetics 74:1043-1050. 2004). Which of the following modes of inheritance best fits the pattern observed in the pedigree? Note that the phenotypes in generation 1 are not known. I3D 1 2 3. 4 7 8 II 2. 6. 8. IV 2. a. Y-linked b. X-linked dominant C. X-linked recessive d. Autosomal recessive e. Autosomal dominant FEB 17 MacBook Air ... 3.arrow_forwardTo understand this research, you must be familiar with some basic genetic terminology. Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. Not all terms will be used. dominant allele phenotype The possession of two different alleles of a particular gene is referred to as Reset Help A variation in a DNA sequence at one particular position is called a heterozygosity genotype recessive allele homozygosity single nucleotide polymorphism The appearance of the organism, its observable traits, are referred to as the A variant of a gene for which an individual must be homozygous in order for it to influence the appearance of the organism is a The set of alleles an organism has for a particular trait is the organism's Submit Request Answerarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSON
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
Mitochondrial mutations; Author: Useful Genetics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvgXe-3RJeU;License: CC-BY