LABOR ECONOMICS
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781260004724
Author: BORJAS
Publisher: RENT MCG
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 9, Problem 15P
(a)
To determine
Identify the policy that would be better at combating discrimination and inequality.
(b)
To determine
Identify the policy that would be best at combating discrimination and inequality in terms of the job market.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Assume we are investigating gender differences in labor market outcomes and we are analyzing employee discrimination. When discussing employee discrimination, the typical assumption is that two groups of workers are perfect substitutes. Some research, however, suggests that worker productivity rises when the diversity of the workforce in a firm increases. This implies that the marginal productivity of male workers increases as more female workers are hired. If employee discrimination occurs against women, under what conditions will a gender-segregated workforce exist? Will a wage gap between men and women exist? Explain your answer.
Suppose that education is the only factor that affects productivity and that an additional year of education raises wages by 2%. Suppose in 2011 gender wage gap was 13%, and the average man had 15 years of education while the average women had 14 years of schooling.
a) Using the wage gap decomposition technique, calculate how much of the 13% wage differential is due to discrimination?
b) Now suppose in 2021 the gender wage gap is 10%, but the average woman’s education level is increased to 17 year and the average man’s education increases to16 years. (Assume that the return to education stays same at 2%),
Was there a decrease or an increase in wage discrimination in the decade? Why?
Now suppose that there is mobility in the labour market in country Alpha and we are in the pre-minimum wage period. Country Alpha receives migrants from country Beta and these migrants are positively selected.
a) If we believe in the Roy model, do you expect country Alpha or country Beta to have a higher income inequality?
b) Suppose country Alpha decides to adopt a welfare program to increase the minimum income of its workers. This minimum income is granted to all native workers, immigrant workers, and the new incoming immigrants. Using the Roy model, and ignoring how the program is funded, with the aid of a diagram, discuss how the welfare program changes the selection of the immigrant flow to country Alpha
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- Empirical studies show that the average woman earns $0.80 for every dollar earned by the average man, after controlling for age and education. Further, the average woman earns $0.92 for every dollar earned by the average man after controlling for occupation . The conclusion is made that occupational choice reduces the wage gap 12 cents and discrimination is left to explain the remaining 8 cents. a) Explain why discrimination may explain more than 8 cents of the 20 cent differential (and occupational choice may explain less than 12 cents of the differential). b) Explain why discrimination may explain less than 8 cents of the 20 cent differential.arrow_forwardThe last three decades in the United States have been characterized by a very wide gap between the wages of those with more education and those with less. Suppose that workers eventually adjust to this gap by investing more in education, with the result that the wages of less skilled workers rise faster than those of the more-skilled (so that the wage gap between the two falls). How would a decline in the wage gap between the skilled and the unskilled affect immigration to the United States?arrow_forwardImmigration into the United States has kept the US population younger, on average than the population of Japan, where much less immigration occurs. When we speak of the demographic effects of immigration, we observe that Group of answer choices This helps Japan, because their workers have more experience. This hurts Japan, because fewer young workers are available to support the elderly. This helps the US, because their younger workers are physically stronger and can come up with better ideas. This hurts the US, because the immigrants are lazy.arrow_forward
- Suppose that, on average, men earn $17 an hour and have an average of 15 years of schooling. Women earn $15 an hour and have an average of 14 years of schooling. If the estimated return to schooling for men is 0.30 (implying that each additional year of schooling translates into an additional 30 cents per hour) and the returns for schooling for women is 0.2, then the gender gap in schooling explains: 10% of the wage gap between men and women. 20% of the wage gap between men and women. 30% of the wage gap between men and women. 15% of the wage gap between men and women.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is an example of human capital discrimination? OA University is found guilty of discriminating against minorities in their admissions policy. A federal agency is found guilty of granting contracts only to firms owned and operated by white people. Women are crowded into nursing and teaching. Two employees, a man and a woman, have the same qualifications and experience, but the man is paid a higher wage. An employer refuses to hire minority people. A supply-side policy to reduce illegal drug usage would include A) Treatment programs for drug addiction. B) Clean needle exchange programs. O C Crop eradication.. O D) Education about the harm of illegal drugs.arrow_forwardSuppose the discrimination coefficient increases as the firm employs more black workers. In particular, suppose the discrimination coefficient is d = 0.01 EB where EB is the number of blacks hired by the firm so that each employer facing competitive wages of wW for whites and wB for blacks acts as if she faces competitive wages of wW for whites and wB(1 + d) for blacks. As usual, assume the labor market is competitive so that the firm faces wages of wB and wW. Lastly, assume that the firm must employ 200 workers. Define the wage ratio to be wW / wB and do the following:a. Solve for the number of blacks hired as a function of the wage ratio. Graph the number of blacks hired against the wage ratio.b. Solve for the number of whites hired as a function of the wage ratio. Graph the number of whites hired ( x-axis) against the wage ratio ( y-axis).arrow_forward
- The statements relate to immigration or inequity as it relates to immigration. Identify each statement as either true or false. Statement 1: Countries with even slightly higher standards of living should expect an influx of immigration from their neighboring countries if those countries have a lower standard of living. Statement 2: There is empirical evidence that immigration leads to large increases in unemployment, which causes wages to drop drastically. Statement 3: As a potential solution to an influx of immigration, Case, Fair, and Oster (2012) cite a study by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) stating that free trade can help to reduce inequity, thereby reducing the need for immigration. Statement 4: Immigration is a local, city‑wide concern as opposed to being a national, country‑wide concern because immigrants stay in the city where they first arrive. Statement 5: Technological change will not cause low‑skilled workers to immigrate to another country with a higher…arrow_forwardImagine an economy with only two types of workers, unskilled (u) and skilled (s). The supply curves of these workers are, respectively, LSU=20wu-10 and LSS=20ws-60. Initially, labour demand curves are LDU=170-10wu and LDS=164-8ws. At equilibrium, what are the inequality measures for this economy? Mean = 80:20 Ratio 80:50 Ratio 50:20 Ratioarrow_forwardSuppose the labor market is segmented into two distinct markets: the market for low-skill workers and the market for high-skill workers. Furthermore, suppose the competitive equilibrium wage in the low-skill market is $7.00/hour, while the competitive equilibrium wage in the high-skill market is $20.00/hour. If the minimum wage is set at $10.00/hour, which market will exhibit the greatest amount of unemployment? Demonstrate it graphically.arrow_forward
- Factor-price differentials might persist in equilibrium because of O A. compensating differentials where, for example, some jobs are cleaner than others. B. intrinsic differences where, for example, some jobs allow for independence and flexibility. C. intrinsic differences where, for example, the fertility of land can only be increased with costly fertilizers. D. compensating differentials where, for example, engineers must train to acquire adequate skills for employment.arrow_forwardIn a developed country, a significant percentage of the working- age population has some form of disability. The government has implemented policies to increase labor market participation among people with disabilities, including workplace accommodations, anti-discrimination laws, and vocational training programs. However, the employment rate for people with disabilities remains lower than for those without disabilities, leading to economic and social implications. The question is: In this scenario, the government's policies primarily aim to: A) Increase economic dependence among people with disabilities B) Reduce labor force participation C) Enhance labor market inclusion and economic independence for people with disabilities D) Segregate the workforce based on disability statusarrow_forwardThe use of group averages to judge individual productivity levels is called Statistical Discrimination. Therefore; this type of discrimination differs from ordinary discrimination because it is based on incomplete information rather than on the utility-maximizing choices of people with accurate information? True Falsearrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
