General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781259883989
Author: by Janice Smith
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 9, Problem 105P
When an Individual hyperventilates, he is told to blow into a paper bag held over his mouth. What effect should this process have on the
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Chapter 9 Solutions
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition
Ch. 9.1 - Name each acid: (a)HF;(b)HNO3;(c)HCN.Ch. 9.1 - If the polyatomic anion C1O2- is called chlorite,...Ch. 9.1 - Which of the following species can be...Ch. 9.1 - Which of the following species can be...Ch. 9.1 - Classify each reactant as a Brønsted-Lowry acid or...Ch. 9.2 - Determine the conjugate acid of each species:...Ch. 9.2 - Determine the conjugate base of each species:...Ch. 9.2 - Draw the structure of the conjugate base of each...Ch. 9.2 - Label the acid, the base, the conjugate acid, and...Ch. 9.2 - Identify the acid, the base, the conjugate acid,...
Ch. 9.2 - Ammonia, NH3, is amphoteric. (a) Draw the...Ch. 9.2 - Fill in the missing product in each acid-base...Ch. 9.3 - Diagrams A and B represent acids dissolved in...Ch. 9.3 - Diagrams represent three acids (HA) dissolved in...Ch. 9.3 - Label the stronger acid in each pair. Which acid...Ch. 9.3 - Are the reactants or products favored at...Ch. 9.3 - If lactic acid is similar in strength to acetic...Ch. 9.4 - Rank the acids in each group in order of...Ch. 9.4 - Use the acid dissociation constants in Table 9.3...Ch. 9.4 - Consider the weak acids, HCN and H2CO3. Which acid...Ch. 9.5 - Calculate the value of [OH-] from the given [H3O+]...Ch. 9.5 - Calculate the value of [H3O+] from the given [OH-]...Ch. 9.5 - Calculate the value of [H3O+] and [H3O-] in each...Ch. 9.6 - (a) What is the difference in [H3O+] for each pair...Ch. 9.6 - Convert each H3O+ concentration to a pH value. a....Ch. 9.6 - What H3O+ concentration corresponds to each pH...Ch. 9.6 - Convert each H3O+ concentration to a pH value....Ch. 9.6 - What H3O+ concentration corresponds to each pH...Ch. 9.6 - What is the H3O+ concentration in a sports drink...Ch. 9.7 - Write a balanced equation for each acid-base...Ch. 9.7 - Write the net ionic equation for each reaction in...Ch. 9.7 - The acid in acid rain is generally sulfuric acid...Ch. 9.7 - Write a balanced equation for the reaction of...Ch. 9.8 - Determine whether each salt forms an acidic,...Ch. 9.8 - Which of the following salts forms an aqueous...Ch. 9.9 - What is the molarity of an HCI solution if 25.5 mL...Ch. 9.9 - How many milliliters of 2.0MNaOH are needed to...Ch. 9.10 - Determine whether a solution containing each of...Ch. 9.10 - Consider a buffer prepared from the weak acid HCO3...Ch. 9.10 - Calculate the pH of a dihydrogen...Ch. 9.10 - What is the pH of a buffer that contains...Ch. 9 - Which of the following species can be...Ch. 9 - Which of the following species can be...Ch. 9 - Prob. 23PCh. 9 - Which of the following species can be...Ch. 9 - Prob. 25PCh. 9 - Draw the conjugate acid of each base. a. Br- b....Ch. 9 - Draw the conjugate base of each acid. HNO2 NH4+...Ch. 9 - Draw the conjugate base of each acid. H3O+ H2Se...Ch. 9 - Prob. 29PCh. 9 - Prob. 30PCh. 9 - Prob. 31PCh. 9 - Prob. 32PCh. 9 - Label the conjugate acid-base pairs in each...Ch. 9 - Label the conjugate acid-base pairs in each...Ch. 9 - Prob. 35PCh. 9 - Prob. 36PCh. 9 - Fill in the missing product in each acid-base...Ch. 9 - Fill in the missing product in each acid-base...Ch. 9 - Prob. 39PCh. 9 - Write the equation for the acid-base reaction that...Ch. 9 - Prob. 41PCh. 9 - Which diagram represents what happens when HCN...Ch. 9 - Prob. 43PCh. 9 - Prob. 44PCh. 9 - Prob. 45PCh. 9 - Use the data in and 9.2 and 9.3 to label the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 47PCh. 9 - Which acid, A or B, is stronger in each part? a. B...Ch. 9 - Fill in the missing terms (strong or weak) and...Ch. 9 - Fill in the missing terms (strong or weak) and...Ch. 9 - For each pair of acids: [1] Label the stronger...Ch. 9 - For each pair of acids: [1] Label the stronger...Ch. 9 - Prob. 53PCh. 9 - Prob. 54PCh. 9 - Prob. 55PCh. 9 - Calculate Ka forthe weak acid HA dissolved in...Ch. 9 - Prob. 57PCh. 9 - Label the acid in the reactants and the conjugate...Ch. 9 - Prob. 59PCh. 9 - Prob. 60PCh. 9 - Prob. 61PCh. 9 - Prob. 62PCh. 9 - Calculate the value of [OH-] from the given and...Ch. 9 - Calculate the value of [OH-] from the given [H3O+]...Ch. 9 - Calculate the value of [OH-] from the given [HO-]...Ch. 9 - Calculate the value of [H3O+] from the given [OH-]...Ch. 9 - Prob. 67PCh. 9 - Prob. 68PCh. 9 - Prob. 69PCh. 9 - Complete the following table with the needed...Ch. 9 - Prob. 71PCh. 9 - Prob. 72PCh. 9 - Prob. 73PCh. 9 - If pancreaticfluids have a pH of 8.2, calculate...Ch. 9 - Calculate the concentrations of H3O+ and OH in the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 76PCh. 9 - Prob. 77PCh. 9 - Prob. 78PCh. 9 - Prob. 79PCh. 9 - Prob. 80PCh. 9 - Write a balanced equation for each reaction. a....Ch. 9 - Prob. 82PCh. 9 - Prob. 83PCh. 9 - Prob. 84PCh. 9 - Prob. 85PCh. 9 - Prob. 86PCh. 9 - Prob. 87PCh. 9 - Prob. 88PCh. 9 - Whatisthe molarityofanaceticacid (CH3COOH)...Ch. 9 - What is the molarity of an H2SO4 solution if 18.5...Ch. 9 - How many milliliters of 1.0MNaOH solution are...Ch. 9 - How many milliliters of 2.0MNaOH solution are...Ch. 9 - Prob. 93PCh. 9 - Prob. 94PCh. 9 - Prob. 95PCh. 9 - Prob. 96PCh. 9 - Prob. 97PCh. 9 - Prob. 98PCh. 9 - Using the Ka values in Table9.6, calculate the pH...Ch. 9 - Using the Ka values in Table9.6, calculate the pH...Ch. 9 - Calculate the pH of an acetic acid/acetate buffer...Ch. 9 - Calculate the pH of a bicarbonate/carbonate buffer...Ch. 9 - Why is the pH of unpolluted rainwater lower than...Ch. 9 - The optimum pH of a swimming pool is 7.50....Ch. 9 - When an Individual hyperventilates, he is told to...Ch. 9 - A sample of rainwater has a pH of 4.18. (a)...Ch. 9 - How is CO2 concentration related to the pH of the...Ch. 9 - Explain why a lake on a bed of limestone is...Ch. 9 - Prob. 109CPCh. 9 - Prob. 110CP
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- Table 13-4 lists the stepwise Ka values for some polyprotic acids. What is the difference between a monoprotic acid, a diprotic acid, and a triprotic acid? Most polyprotic acids are weak acids; the major exception is H2SO4. To solve for the pH of a solution of H2SO4, you must generally solve a strong acid problem as well as a weak acid problem. Explain. Write out the reactions that refer to Ka1 and Ka2 for H2SO4. For H3PO4, Ka1 = 7.5 103, Ka2 = 6.2 108, and Ka3= 4.8 1013. Write out the reactions that refer to the Ka1, Ka2and Ka3equilibrium constants. What are the three acids in a solution of H3PO4? Which acid is strongest? What are the three conjugate bases in a solution of H3PO4? Which conjugate base is strongest? Summarize the strategy for calculating the pH of a polyprotic acid in water.arrow_forwardUsing the diagrams shown in Problem 10-117, which of the solutions would have the greatest buffer capacity, that is, greatest protection against pH change, when the following occurs? a. A strong acid is added to the solution. b. A strong base is added to the solution.arrow_forwardAmino acids are an important group of compounds. At low pH, both the carboxylic acid group (CO2H) and the amine group (NHR) are protonated. However, as the pH of the solution increases (say, by adding base), the carboxylic acid proton is removed, usually at a pH between 2 and 3. In a middle range of pHs, therefore, the amine group is protonated, but the carboxylic acid group has lost the proton. (This is called a zwitterion.) At more basic pH values, the amine proton is dissociated. What is the pH of a 0.20 M solution of alanine hydrochloride, [NH3CHCH3CO2H]Cl?arrow_forward
- Given the acid-base indicators in Question 37, select a suitable indicator for the following titrations. (a) sodium formate (NaCHO2) with HNO3 (b) hypochlorous acid with barium hydroxide (c) nitric acid with HI (d) hydrochloric acid with ammoniaarrow_forwardMalic acid is a weak diprotic organic acid with Ka1 = 4.0 104 and Ka2 = 9.0 105. a Letting the symbol H2A represent malic acid, write the chemical equations that represent Ka1 and Ka2. Write the chemical equation that represents Ka1 Ka2. b Qualitatively describe the relative concentrations of H2A, HA, A2, and H3O+ in a solution that is about one molar in malic acid. c Calculate the pH of a 0.0175 M malic acid solution and the equilibrium concentration of [H2A]. d What is the A2 concentrationin in solutions b and c?arrow_forwardDoes the pH of the solution increase, decrease, or stay the same when you (a) Add solid sodium oxalate, Na2C2O4, to 50.0 mL of 0.015-M oxalic acid? (b) Add solid ammonium chloride to 100. mL of 0.016-M HCl? (c) Add 20.0 g NaCl to 1.0 L of 0.012-M sodium acetate, NaCH3COO?arrow_forward
- Write the chemical equation and the expression for the equilibrium constant, and calculate Kb for the reaction of each of the following ions as a base. (a) sulfate ion (b) citrate ionarrow_forwardA solution made up of 1.0 M NH3 and 0.50 M (NH4)2SO4 has a pH of 9.26. a Write the net ionic equation that represents the reaction of this solution with a strong acid. b Write the net ionic equation that represents the reaction of this solution with a strong base. c To 100. mL of this solution, 10.0 mL of 1.00 M HCl is added. How many moles of NH3 and NH4+ are present in the reaction system before and after the addition of the HCl? What is the pH of the resulting solution? d Why did the pH change only slightly upon the addition of HCl?arrow_forwardEnough water is added to the buffer in Question 29 to make the total volume 10.0 L. Calculate (a) the pH of the buffer. (b) the pH of the buffer after the addition of 0.0500 mol of HCl to 0.600 L of diluted buffer. (c) the pH of the buffer after the addition of 0.0500 mol of NaOH to 0.600 L of diluted buffer. (d) Compare your answers to Question 29(a)-(c) with your answers to (a)-(c) in this problem. (e) Comment on the effect of dilution on the pH of a buffer and on its buffer capacity.arrow_forward
- For conjugate acidbase pairs, how are Ka and Kb related? Consider the reaction of acetic acid in water CH3CO2H(aq)+H2O(l)CH3CO2(aq)+H3O+(aq) where Ka = 1.8 105 a. Which two bases are competing for the proton? b. Which is the stronger base? c. In light of your answer to part b. why do we classify the acetate ion (CH3CO2) as a weak base? Use an appropriate reaction to justify your answer. In general, as base strength increases, conjugate acid strength decreases. Explain why the conjugate acid of the weak base NH3 is a weak acid. To summarize, the conjugate base of a weak acid is a weak base and the conjugate acid of a weak base is a weak acid (weak gives you weak). Assuming Ka for a monoprotic strong acid is 1 106, calculate Kb for the conjugate base of this strong acid. Why do conjugate bases of strong acids have no basic properties in water? List the conjugate bases of the six common strong acids. To tie it all together, some instructors have students think of Li+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+ as the conjugate acids of the strong bases LiOH, KOH. RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, and Ba(OH)2. Although not technically correct, the conjugate acid strength of these cations is similar to the conjugate base strength of the strong acids. That is, these cations have no acidic properties in water; similarly, the conjugate bases of strong acids have no basic properties (strong gives you worthless). Fill in the blanks with the correct response. The conjugate base of a weak acid is a_____base. The conjugate acid of a weak base is a_____acid. The conjugate base of a strong acid is a_____base. The conjugate acid of a strong base is a_____ acid. (Hint: Weak gives you weak and strong gives you worthless.)arrow_forwardConsider all acid-base indicators discussed in this chapter. Which of these indicators would be suitable for the titration of each of these? (a) NaOH with HClO4 (b) acetic acid with KOH (c) NH3 solution with HBr (d) KOH with HNO3 Explain your choices.arrow_forwardEstimate the pH that results when the following two solutions are mixed. a) 50 mL of 0.3 M CH3COOH and 50 mL of 0.4 M KOH b) 100 mL of 0.3 M CH3COOH and 50 mL of 0.4 M NaOH c) 150 mL of 0.3 M CH3COOH and 100 mL of 0.3 M Ba(OH)2 d) 200 mL of 0.3 M CH3COOH and 100 mL of 0.3 M Ba(OH)2arrow_forward
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