Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8.1, Problem 1CR
Once inside a host prokaryotic cell, what are the two types of infection that can be triggered by the virion genome?
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Students have asked these similar questions
The second step in viral replication is entry. For bacteriophage, entry usually
involves:
O a) direct entry of the nucleic acid into the cell.
Ob) phagocytosis.
c) membrane fusion mechanism of entry.
d) receptor-mediated endocytosis.
What is required for a bacteriophage T4 virion toattach to an Escherichia coli cell?
Why must the top agar be supplemented with MgSo4
A) it is required to induce the production of cro repressors
B) it is required to induce the production of cI repressors
C) it helps stabilize the phage for infection
D) it induces the expression of the lamB gene in E. Coli
Chapter 8 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 8.1 - How does a virus differ from a cell?Ch. 8.1 - Why does a virus need a host cell?Ch. 8.1 - Compared with cells, what is unusual about viral...Ch. 8.1 - Once inside a host prokaryotic cell, what are the...Ch. 8.2 - Distinguish between a capsid and a capsomere. What...Ch. 8.2 - What is the difference between a naked virus and...Ch. 8.2 - What kinds of enzymes can be found within the...Ch. 8.2 - Where does the envelope surrounding animal viruses...Ch. 8.3 - What is packaged into capsids during maturation?Ch. 8.3 - Explain the term burst size.
Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 3MQCh. 8.3 - Why does a one-step growth curve differ in shape...Ch. 8.4 - What is meant by a viral titer?Ch. 8.4 - What is a plaque-forming unit?Ch. 8.4 - What is meant by the term plating efficiency?Ch. 8.4 - Describe the events that occur on an agar plate...Ch. 8.5 - How does attachment contribute to virushost...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 8.5 - Prob. 3MQCh. 8.5 - What is required for a bacteriophage T4 virion to...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 1MQCh. 8.6 - Give one example each of T4 early, middle, and...Ch. 8.6 - What is required to package the T4 genome into its...Ch. 8.6 - Bacteriophage T4 lacks its own RNA polymerase. How...Ch. 8.7 - What is a lysogen and what is a prophage?Ch. 8.7 - How does DNA replication in lambda differ from...Ch. 8.7 - What commits lambda to the lytic versus the...Ch. 8.7 - What enzyme is required to form a prophage, and...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 1MQCh. 8.8 - What is the difference between a persistent and a...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 3MQCh. 8.8 - Why can it be said that the retrovirus genome is...Ch. 8 - What causes the viral plaques that appear on a...Ch. 8 - The promoters on genes encoding early proteins in...Ch. 8 - Under some conditions, it is possible to obtain...
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- Which statement is true regarding a bacteriophage in the lysogenic cycle? 111 A) O The bacteriophage can exit the lysogenic state depending on the condition of host cell B) O While in this cycle, it would cause no harm to the host cell. O OAs the host cell divides, the bacteriophage genome will be present in all of the host cell's progeny. |D) OIt would become a prophage. E) O All are true statements.arrow_forwardIf a single bacteriophage infects one E. coli cell present on a lawn of bacteria and, upon lysis, yields 200 viable viruses, how many phages will exist in a single plaque if three more lytic cycles occur?arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycle of bacteriophages? In the lysogenic cycle, the phage DNA integrates itself into the host genome after penetration, and continues to biosynthesis when conditions change The host cell is not killed in the lysogenic cycle The lytic cycle occurs in the nucleus, while the lysogenic cycle occurs in the cytoplasm In the lysogenic cycle, penetration is achieved through phagocytosisarrow_forward
- Which statement is true of viral replication? A) virus attaches to a specific receptor site on the host-cell membrane. B) Once inside the cell, the viral capsid is degraded, and the viral nucleic acid is released. C) Virus uses the host cell’s machinery to replicate and new virus particles are released. D) All of the abovearrow_forwardIf a virus has a negative-sense RNA genome, what enzymatic activity (if any) will be found as part of the virion, and what will be the first step in expression of the viral genome?arrow_forwardWhat is the term used to describe the genome of a bacterial cell that has been infected by a phage utilizing lysogeny? O 1) nucleocapsid O 2) prophpage O 3) provirus O 4) lysogenome O 5) chromatidarrow_forward
- The mechanism of specialized transduction relies on the improper excision of a bacteriophage genome that is integrated in the host cell chromosom A) O True B) O Falsearrow_forwardThere have been recent outbreaks of dog flu in the US. Why doesn't this virus infect humans? A) The virus can replicate in cells of all species but can only egress from dog cells. B) The genetic code of the virus is the same as that in dog cells but is different from other organisms. C) The virus can only attach to dog cells. D) The virus can enter cells of all species but can only replicate in dog cells.arrow_forwardFrom the perspective of a bacteriophage, what is the advantage of being able to follow either a lytic or a lysogenic cycle?arrow_forward
- After a positive strand RNA virus ( Such as Coronaviruses) enters the host cell, the RNA is translated by ribosomes to create proteins associated with the virus (Such as, for example, the surface antigens like E and Spike proteins). How then, would the genetic material itself be replicated to be incorporated into the new viruses?.arrow_forwardHow do cellular receptors for viruses come about? does host species that a particular virus infects evolve to have the viral receptors? would the above offer any survival and/or reproductive advantages to the host? how likely does the virus mutate so it would recognize (or fit) a particular exiting surface protein on the target cells of the host?arrow_forwardIn electron micrographs of HSV infection, it can be seen that the intact virus initially reacts with cell-surface proteoglycans, then with specific receptors. This is later followed by viral capsids docking with nuclear pores. Afterward, the capsids go from being full to being "empty." Which of the following statements best fits these observations? The viral envelope is not required for infectivity, since the envelope does not enter the nucleus. The viral envelope mediates entry into the cell, the capsid mediates entry into the nuclear membrane, and the genome is all that enters the nucleus. Only the genetic material of the virus is involved in the cell's infectivity, and is injected into the host cell like the genome of a phage. Viral capsids are needed for the cell to become infected; since the full capsids enter the nucleus.arrow_forward
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