General Chemistry
General Chemistry
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780073402758
Author: Chang, Raymond/ Goldsby
Publisher: McGraw-Hill College
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Chapter 8, Problem 8.98QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The change in energy of the reaction Mg(g)+2F(g)Mg2+(g)+2F-(g) has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

First ionization energy: The ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove the electron from an isolated atom which is in the gaseous state results to give gaseous ion with one positive charge.

Second ionization energy: The minimum energy needed to remove an electron from a unipositive gaseous ion to form a dipositive ion in the ground state is known as second ionization energy.

Electron Affinity: It is energy change taking place when one electron is added to an atom which is neutral in its gaseous state forming an anion.

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 8.98QP

The change in energy of the given reaction is 1532kJ/mol

Explanation of Solution

The reaction is given below:

Mg(g)+2F(g)Mg2+(g)+2F(g)

Here, two electrons are removed from Mg and one electron is accepted by two F atoms

Hence the change in energy for the given reaction is the sum of first and second ionization energy of Mg and the electron affinity of F

Therefore,

The change in energy can be given as:

FirstionizationofMg,Mg(g)Mg+(g)+e ΔH=738.1kJ/molSecondionizationofMg,Mg+(g)Mg2+(g)+e ΔH=1450kJ/molElectronaffinityofF,2F(g)+2e2F(g) ΔH=2(328kJ/mol) _Mg(g)+2F(g)Mg2+(g)+2F(g) ΔH=1532kJ/mol

The change in energy of the given reaction is 1532kJ/mol

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The change in energy of the reaction 2Al(g)+3O(g)2Al3+(g)+3O2(g) has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

First ionization energy: The ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove the electron from an isolated atom which is in the gaseous state results to give gaseous ion with one positive charge.

Second ionization energy: The minimum energy needed to remove an electron from a unipositive gaseous ion to form a dipositive ion in the ground state is known as second ionization energy.

Third ionization energy: The minimum energy needed to remove an electron from a dipositive gaseous ion to form a tripositive ion in the ground state is known as third ionization energy.

First electron Affinity: It is energy change taking place when one electron is added to an atom which is neutral in its gaseous state forming an anion with one negative charge.

Second electron Affinity: It is energy change taking place when one electron is added to an anion having a negative charge in its gaseous state forming an anion with two negative charges.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 8.98QP

The change in energy of the given reaction is 12,405 kJ/mol

Explanation of Solution

The reaction is given below:

2Al(g)+3O(g)2Al3+(g)+3O2(g)

Here, three electrons are removed from Al and two electrons is accepted by O

Hence the change in energy for the given reaction is the sum of first, second and ionization energy of Al and the first and second electron affinity of O

The first, second and ionization energy of Al can be given as:

FirstionizationofAl,2(Al(g)Al+(g)+e ) ΔH=2(577.9kJ/mol)SecondionizationofAl,2(Al+(g)Al2+(g)+e) ΔH=2(1820kJ/mol)ThirdionizationofAl,2(Al2+(g)Al3+(g)+e) ΔH=2(2750kJ/mol)

The first and second electron affinity of O can be given as:

FirstelectronaffinityofO,3(O(g)+eO(g)) ΔH=3(141kJ/mol)SecondelectronaffinityofO,3(O(g)+eO2(g)) ΔH=3(844kJ/mol)

The change in energy of the given reaction can be calculated as:

The change in energy=(2(577.9kJ/mol)+2(1820kJ/mol)+2(2750kJ/mol)+3(141kJ/mol)+3(844kJ/mol))=12,405 kJ/mol

The change in energy of the given reaction is 12,405 kJ/mol

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Chapter 8 Solutions

General Chemistry

Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 1PECh. 8.6 - Prob. 1RCCh. 8 - Prob. 8.1QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.2QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.3QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.4QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.5QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.6QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.7QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.8QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.9QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.10QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.11QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.12QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.13QPCh. 8 - 8.14 Use die first-row transition metals (Sc to...Ch. 8 - 8.15 In the periodic table, the element hydrogen...Ch. 8 - 8.16 A neutral atom of a certain element has 17...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.17QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.18QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.19QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.20QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.21QPCh. 8 - 8.21 An ion M2+ derived from a metal in the first...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.23QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.24QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.25QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.26QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.27QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.28QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.29QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.30QPCh. 8 - 8.31 Which of these species are isoelectronic with...Ch. 8 - 8.32 Group the species that are isoelectronic:...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.33QPCh. 8 - 8.34 How does atomic radius change as we move (a)...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.35QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.36QPCh. 8 - 8.37 On the basis of their positions in the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.38QPCh. 8 - 8.39 Which is the largest atom in Group 4A? Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.40QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.41QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.42QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.43QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.44QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.45QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.46QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.47QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.48QPCh. 8 - 8.49 Define ionization energy. Ionization energy...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.50QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.51QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.52QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.53QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.54QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.55QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.56QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.57QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.58QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.59QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.60QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.61QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.62QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.63QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.64QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.65QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.66QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.67QPCh. 8 - 8.68 Why are the Group 1B elements more stable...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.69QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.70QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.71QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.72QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.73QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.74QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.75QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.76QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.77QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.78QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.79QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.80QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.81QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.82QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.83QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.84QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.85QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.86QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.87QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.88QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.89QPCh. 8 - 8.90 Write the formulas and names of the oxides of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.91QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.92QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.93QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.94QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.95QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.96QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.97QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.98QPCh. 8 - 8.99 Explain why the electron affinity of nitrogen...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.100QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.101QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.102QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.103QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.104QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.105QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.106QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.107SPCh. 8 - 8.108 In the late 1800s the British physicist Lord...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.109SPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.110SPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.111SPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.112SPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.113SPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.114SP
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