General Chemistry
General Chemistry
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780073402758
Author: Chang, Raymond/ Goldsby
Publisher: McGraw-Hill College
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Chapter 8, Problem 8.13QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The outer electron configurations for the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens and noble gases should be given.

Concept Introduction:

  • The elements with same valence electrons have similar properties and are placed in the same group in periodic table.
  • Group I, II, VII, and VIII in the periodic table contains 1, 2, 7 and 8 valence electrons respectively.
  • The outer electronic configuration of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens and noble gases is ns1, ns2, ns2np5 and ns2np6 respectively.

To find: the outer electron configurations for the alkali metals.

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 8.13QP

The outer electron configurations for the alkali metals are given below.

Li2s1
Na3s1
K4s1
Rb5s1
Cs6s1
Fr7s1

Explanation of Solution

They are group I elements. The outer shell of alkali metals contains one valence electron. Lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium are the alkali metals. The outer electronic configuration of alkali metals is ns1. They are the first group in aperiodic table and are highly electropositive.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The outer electron configurations for the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens and noble gases should be given.

Concept Introduction:

  • The elements with same valence electrons have similar properties and are placed in the same group in periodic table.
  • Group I, II, VII, and VIII in the periodic table contains 1, 2, 7 and 8 valence electrons respectively.
  • The outer electronic configuration of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens and noble gases is ns1, ns2, ns2np5 and ns2np6 respectively.

To find: the outer electron configurations for the alkali metals.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 8.13QP

The outer electron configurations for the alkaline earth metals are given below.

Be2s2
Mg3s2
Ca4s2
Sr5s2
Ba6s2
Ra7s2

Explanation of Solution

They are group II elements. The outer shell of alkaline earth metals contains two valence electrons. Beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium are the alkaline earth metals. The outer electronic configuration of alkaline earth metals is ns2.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: the outer electron configurations for the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens and noble gases should be given.

Concept Introduction:

  • The elements with same valence electrons have similar properties and are placed in the same group in periodic table.
  • Group I, II, VII, and VIII in the periodic table contains 1, 2, 7 and 8 valence electrons respectively.
  • The outer electronic configuration of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens and noble gases is ns1, ns2, ns2np5 and ns2np6 respectively.

To find: the outer electron configurations for the alkali metals.

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 8.13QP

The outer electron configurations for the halogens are given below.

F2s22p5
Cl3s23p5
Br4s24p5
I5s25p5
At6s26p5

Explanation of Solution

They are group VII elements. The outer shell of halogens contains 7 valence electrons. Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine are the halogens. The outer electronic configuration of halogens is ns2np5. All the halogens are highly electronegative so have high reactivity. To obey the octet rule they gain one electron from other atom while reacting.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: the outer electron configurations for the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens and noble gases should be given.

Concept Introduction:

  • The elements with same valence electrons have similar properties and are placed in the same group in periodic table.
  • Group I, II, VII, and VIII in the periodic table contains 1, 2, 7 and 8 valence electrons respectively.
  • The outer electronic configuration of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens and noble gases is ns1, ns2, ns2np5 and ns2np6 respectively.

To find: The outer electron configurations for the alkali metals.

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 8.13QP

The outer electron configurations for the noble gases are given below.

He1s2
Ne2s22p6
Ar3s23p6
Kr4s24p6
Xe5s25p6
Rn6s26p6

Explanation of Solution

They are group VIII elements. The outer shell of noble gases contains 8 valence electrons. Helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon are the alkaline earth metals. The outer electronic configuration of noble gases is ns2np6. All the noble gases have similar properties. Since the outer shells of noble gases are completely filled, they are highly inactive.

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Chapter 8 Solutions

General Chemistry

Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 1PECh. 8.6 - Prob. 1RCCh. 8 - Prob. 8.1QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.2QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.3QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.4QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.5QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.6QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.7QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.8QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.9QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.10QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.11QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.12QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.13QPCh. 8 - 8.14 Use die first-row transition metals (Sc to...Ch. 8 - 8.15 In the periodic table, the element hydrogen...Ch. 8 - 8.16 A neutral atom of a certain element has 17...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.17QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.18QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.19QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.20QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.21QPCh. 8 - 8.21 An ion M2+ derived from a metal in the first...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.23QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.24QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.25QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.26QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.27QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.28QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.29QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.30QPCh. 8 - 8.31 Which of these species are isoelectronic with...Ch. 8 - 8.32 Group the species that are isoelectronic:...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.33QPCh. 8 - 8.34 How does atomic radius change as we move (a)...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.35QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.36QPCh. 8 - 8.37 On the basis of their positions in the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.38QPCh. 8 - 8.39 Which is the largest atom in Group 4A? Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.40QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.41QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.42QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.43QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.44QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.45QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.46QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.47QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.48QPCh. 8 - 8.49 Define ionization energy. Ionization energy...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.50QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.51QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.52QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.53QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.54QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.55QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.56QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.57QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.58QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.59QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.60QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.61QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.62QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.63QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.64QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.65QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.66QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.67QPCh. 8 - 8.68 Why are the Group 1B elements more stable...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.69QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.70QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.71QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.72QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.73QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.74QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.75QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.76QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.77QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.78QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.79QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.80QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.81QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.82QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.83QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.84QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.85QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.86QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.87QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.88QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.89QPCh. 8 - 8.90 Write the formulas and names of the oxides of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.91QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.92QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.93QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.94QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.95QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.96QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.97QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.98QPCh. 8 - 8.99 Explain why the electron affinity of nitrogen...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.100QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.101QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.102QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.103QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.104QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.105QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.106QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.107SPCh. 8 - 8.108 In the late 1800s the British physicist Lord...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.109SPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.110SPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.111SPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.112SPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.113SPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.114SP
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