Chapter 8, Problem 8.11QE

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for the slight increase in the first ionization energies of manganese, iron, and cobalt but the considerable increase in gallium, germanium, and arsenic has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The energy that is needed to remove an electron from the isolated, neutral gaseous atom is known as ionization energy. It is represented by $I$. The energy required to remove the first electron from the neutral atom is called the first ionization energy, denoted by $I_1$. The energy required to remove the second electron from the monovalent anion is called the second ionization energy, denoted by $I_2$ and so on. Energy is always supplied to the atom so as to remove an electron from it so ionization energies have positive values.