Biology: Concepts and Investigations
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260259049
Author: Hoefnagels
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 8, Problem 4MCQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Mutation is a permanent alteration in the
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Which of the following accurately compares tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes?
A. Both tumor suppressor and proto-oncogenes prevent the spread of cancer by targeting and destroying existing cancer cells.
B. A person who has both tumor suppressor and proto-oncogenes will always develop cancer.
C. Proto-oncogenes code for growth factors, while tumor suppressor genes inhibit cell division of damaged cells.
D. When a proto-oncogene mutates, it becomes a tumor suppressor gene.
Which of the following statements about cancer is correct?
A. Cancer stem cells can make tumors resistant to chemotherapy.
B. Intra-tumoral heterogeneity makes it easier to treat cancer.
C. Mutation in p53 is a type of passenger mutation.
D. One driver mutation is more than sufficient for the production of a cancer phenotype.
Which of the following demonstrates the link between oncogenes and cancer?
a.Oncogenes do not have mutations that increase the activity or number of molecules that stimulate mitosis.
b.Oncogenes produce molecules that inhibit mitosis.
c.They are genes that transform tumor cells into normal cells.
d.The mutations in oncogenes increase the activity or number of molecules that stimulate mitosis, leading to irregular cell division.
Chapter 8 Solutions
Biology: Concepts and Investigations
Ch. 8.1 - Explain the roles of mitotic cell division,...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 2MCCh. 8.2 - Prob. 1MCCh. 8.2 - Prob. 2MCCh. 8.2 - Prob. 3MCCh. 8.2 - Prob. 4MCCh. 8.3 - Which cell types divide by binary fission?Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 2MCCh. 8.4 - Prob. 1MCCh. 8.4 - Prob. 2MC
Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 1MCCh. 8.5 - Prob. 2MCCh. 8.5 - Prob. 3MCCh. 8.5 - Prob. 4MCCh. 8.5 - Distinguish between mitosis and cytokinesis.Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 1MCCh. 8.6 - Prob. 2MCCh. 8.6 - Prob. 3MCCh. 8.6 - Prob. 4MCCh. 8.6 - Prob. 5MCCh. 8.7 - Prob. 1MCCh. 8.7 - Prob. 2MCCh. 8.8 - Prob. 1MCCh. 8.8 - Prob. 2MCCh. 8 - A DNA molecule is placed in a test tube containing...Ch. 8 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 8 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 8 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 8 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 8 - Prob. 1WIOCh. 8 - Write and explain an analogy for each of these DNA...Ch. 8 - Obtain a rubber band and twist it as m any times...Ch. 8 - Sketch and describe the events that occur when a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 5WIOCh. 8 - List the ways that binary fission is similar to...Ch. 8 - Prob. 7WIOCh. 8 - Prob. 8WIOCh. 8 - Prob. 9WIOCh. 8 - Prob. 1PITCh. 8 - Prob. 2PITCh. 8 - Prob. 3PIT
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- Which of the following steps are correct about multistep tumorigenesis (select all that apply)? A. Mutations in progenitor cells are more likely to develop a neoplastic state compared to mutations in stem cells B. Driver mutations give a cell clone a proliferative advanage C. The rate of mutation /genetic change is constant during tumor progression D. Nutrition/diet may effect rate of tumorigenesis E. All cells within a tumor are biologically equivalent and equally capable of high levels proliferationarrow_forwardA tumor suppressor gene regulates the cell cycle; an example is . Select one: a. positively, p21 b. negatively, cyclin c. positively, retinoblastoma d. negatively, retinoblastoma e. positively, RAS Cycle HW due Jump to. 4) Next pa cancer stem cellsarrow_forwardPut a checkmark next to any of the following scenarios that would make it MORE likely that a cell would divide when it is not supposed to, increasing the chance that it would become cancerous. CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY. A) A tumor suppressor gene is over-expressed B) A cyclin gene is mutated so that it is expressed at all times during the cell cycle C) A cyclin-dependent kinase gene is mutated so that in the Cdk is no longer dependent on its cyclin D) A Cdk gene is mutated so that the Cdk protein is not made E) Mutation of an oncogene that causes it to no longer be expressed F) A proto-oncogene gene is expressed at higher than normal levels G) The p53 gene is mutated so that no p53 protein is madearrow_forward
- With regard to cancer cells, which of the following statementsare true?A. Cancer cells are clonal, which means they are derived from asingle mutant cell.B. To become cancerous, cells usually accumulate multiplegenetic changes that eventually result in uncontrolledgrowth.C. Most cancers are caused by oncogenic viruses.D. Cancer cells have lost the ability to properly regulate celldivision.arrow_forwardWhich of the following types of mutations would be advantageous to a cancer cell (select all that apply)? A. An inactivating mutation in a tumor suppressor gene B. Methylation of the promoter of a tumor suppressor gene C. An inactivating mutation in an oncogene D. Mutation that inactivated DNA repair gene E. An inactivating mutation in an oncogenearrow_forwardWhich of the following best describes a gene that codes for a tumor-suppressor protein? a. One that helps to prevent progression through the cell cycle. b. One that helps prevent apoptosis. c. One that codes for a DNA repair enzyme. d. One that supports part of a growth factor signaling pathway.arrow_forward
- P53 is a tumor suppressor protein. The protein is present in the cell at all times but is activated by protein kinases that are, in turned activated by DNA damage. What would be the result of a mutation of the P 53 gene in cell that resulted in a form of P53 that was permanently active? Group of answer choices A. the cell cycle would be inhibited in all cells in a tumor if it forms B. the cell cycle would be inhibited C. the cell would form a tumor D. the cell has a higher probability of forming a tumor E. the cell cycle of all cells in the body would be inhibitedarrow_forwardMutations in the ras gene family induce normal cells to proceed into the replication cycle. This converts the ras gene from a ________ gene to a ________ gene. a. proto-oncogene; oncogene b. oncogene; proto-oncogene c. mutant; oncogene d. tumor suppressor; proto-oncogenearrow_forwardTumor Suppressor Genes are often called as gatekeepers because: a. They signify their involvement in governing the dynamics of cell proliferation b. They allow tumors to proliferate at an uncontrolled rate c. To allow a transport channel of suppressors d. They are not referred to as ?gatekeepers?arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements concerning p53 is NOT correct? O a. p53-dependent transcription of target genes leads to cell cycle arrest or cell death (apoptosis). O b. O C. Loss of p53 function results in loss of checkpoint controls. Loss of p53 function creates an environment that is permissive for genome instability--that is, more damaged cells with chromosome aberrations and mutations survive and propagate. d. p53 is a tumor suppressor protein which is largely responsible for protecting cells from cancer- causing DNA-damaging agents.arrow_forwardP53 is a tumor suppressors protein. The protein is present in the cell at all times but is activated by protein kinases that are, in turned activated by DNA damage. A mutation of the P 53 gene in cell results in a form of P53 that is permanently active. What would happen to the mutant version of the P53 gene? Group of answer choices A. it would spread to neighboring cells but not very far B. it would be found in tumor cells only C. it would take over the world and make us all do its bidding D. it would only be found in the original cell in which the mutation occurred E. it would spread to all cells in the bodyarrow_forwardHow does gene activation lead to cell differentiation? Explain the correct answer and explain why the others are wrong. A. Different genes are activated in different cells, causing each cell to have a unique funcation B. The same genes are actives in every cell of your body, causing every cell to function the same C. Certain cells only have parts of DNA that causes cell deferentiation D. Unique genes are in different cells, causing each cell to have a unique functionarrow_forward
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