Understanding Our Universe
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780393614428
Author: PALEN, Stacy, Kay, Laura, Blumenthal, George (george Ray)
Publisher: W.w. Norton & Company,
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Chapter 8, Problem 44QAP
To determine
The expression of how much more energy is Saturn radiating into space than it absorbs from the Sun.
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Infrared observations indicate that Saturn gives off 2.8 times the energy it receives from the Sun for a total internal power loss of 2 x 1017 W. Assume that gravitational contraction releases this thermal energy. How much must Saturn shrink per year to account for this output?
Saturn emits radiation at a rate of 1.98 x 1017 W and absorbs sunlight at a rate of 1.11 x 1017
W.
a) Assuming that the radiation excess comes exclusively from Saturn's gravitational potential
energy, at what rate dR/dt is Saturn shrinking?
b) How long would it take for Saturn's radius to decrease by 1%?
What is the escape velocity is km/s from Jupiters exosphere, which begins about 993 km above the surface ? Assume the Gravitational constant is G= 6.67 x10-11m3 kg-1s-2, and that's Jupiter has a mass of 1.8999999999999998e+27kg and a radius of 68.0 x103km
Chapter 8 Solutions
Understanding Our Universe
Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 8.1CYUCh. 8.2 - Prob. 8.2CYUCh. 8.3 - Prob. 8.3CYUCh. 8.4 - Prob. 8.4CYUCh. 8.5 - Prob. 8.5CYUCh. 8 - Prob. 1QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 2QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 3QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 4QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 5QAP
Ch. 8 - Prob. 6QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 7QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 8QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 9QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 10QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 11QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 12QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 13QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 14QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 15QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 16QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 17QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 18QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 19QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 20QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 21QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 22QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 23QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 24QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 25QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 26QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 27QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 28QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 29QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 30QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 31QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 32QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 33QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 34QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 35QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 36QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 37QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 38QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 39QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 40QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 41QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 42QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 43QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 44QAPCh. 8 - Prob. 45QAP
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- Saturn is even further at 1434X109m from the sun. Calculate the approximate strength of the greenhouse effect on Jupiter. The observed surface temperature is 133K, the albedo is 0.47, the solar constant is 15W/m2.arrow_forwardSaturn is ten times as far from the Sun as is the Earth. How does the flux of solar energy at Saturn compare with that at the Earth?arrow_forwardIf Titan could be moved out to the orbit of Neptune would its atmosphere freeze into solid nitrogen? The formula to estimate the blackbody radiation temperature in Kelvin is: where α is the albedo at 0.3, L the luminosity is 1.5 Watts/meter2, σ , the Stefan Boltzmann constant is 5.67 X10-8 W/m2/K. What would be the temperature and would the atmosphere freeze out if the freezing point of N2 gas 63 K? answer choices 63 K, maybe 75 K, no 46 K, yes 103 K, noarrow_forward
- Calculate the pressure p of the Venus atmosphere (it consists of CO2 at 477oC) at the height of 1 km from the planet surface, where p0=9.3 MPa. The planet mass is 4.9x1024 kg, its radius is 6050 kmarrow_forwardJupiters exosphere has a temperature of about 870.0K what is the thermal speed of hydrogen (in km/s) in Jupiter's exosphere? The mass of a hydrogen atom is 1.67 x 10-27 kg and Boltzmann constant is k= 1.38 x10 -23 Joule/Kelvinarrow_forwardIf the temperature at Saturn's cloud tops is 97 K and the planet radiates three times more energy than it receives from the Sun, use Stefan's law to calculate what the temperature would be in the absence of any internal heat source.arrow_forward
- GM What is the orbital velocity and period of a ring particle at the outer edge of Saturn's A ring? (Note: The radius of the edge of the A ring is 136,500 km. Hint: Use the formula for orbital velocity, V. = v orbital velocity km/s period hrarrow_forwardThe water clouds believed to be present on Jupiter and Saturn exist at temperatures and pressures similar to those in the clouds of the terrestrial atmosphere. What would it be like to visit such a location on Jupiter or Saturn? In what ways would the environment differ from that in the clouds of Earth?arrow_forwardThe solar flux at the top of Earth's atmosphere is 1366W/m2. If Jupiter is 5.2 AU from Sun, what is the solar flux at the top of Jupiters atmosphere? Jupiter's albedo is 0.52, how does that influence its energy budget?arrow_forward
- The fraction of the energy flux received which is reflected into space is the albedo of Venus, av, which is about 0.76. The fraction of the energy flux which is absorbed is then (1-av) = 1. - 0.76 = 0.24. So the amount of energy actually absorbed by Venus in each second is Lv = (1-av)Ev. Lv = (1-av)Ev = ___________________ ergs/s And next calculate the effective temperature of Venus: Tv4 = (Lv/(4pdv2))/s = Lv/(4spdv2) = __________________ K4 and taking the square root of Tv4 twice in succession we get the effective Temperature Tv: Tv = [Lv/(4spdv2)]0.25 = _________________ K Calculate Venus' emittance assuming that the Venus' actual temperature, Tvr, is 472o C = 745 K: ev = Lv/(4pdv2s Tvr4) = __________________ .arrow_forwardThe mass of the planet is approximately 74.8 times the mass of Jupiter. Calculate the average density of the planet. Give your answer in grams per cubic centimeter.arrow_forwardTitan's exosphere has a temperature of about 218 K. What is the thermal speed of hydrogen (in km/s) in Titan's exosphere? The mass of a hydrogen atom is 1.67 × 10-27 kg and Boltzmann's constant is k = 1.38 × 10-23 Joule/Kelvin.arrow_forward
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