Astronomy
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168284
Author: Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 2E
What are Earth’s core and mantle made of? Explain how we know.
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Ok so... if you drill a hole through the core if the earth maybe 10 feet wide (ignoring magma and everything else that would make it impossible) and someone jumped in.. what would happen? Would they just keep falling both directions until they stop... or would they be going so fast that they leave our atmosphere... or something else? Explain if possible.
mantle convection, ridge push, slab pull; which one of these do scientists think is the most important in moving earths huge tectonic plates?
What is remanent magnetism? How can it be used to track the movement of continents over time?
Chapter 8 Solutions
Astronomy
Ch. 8 - What is the thickest interior layer of Earth? The...Ch. 8 - What are Earth’s core and mantle made of? Explain...Ch. 8 - Describe the differences among primitive, igneous,...Ch. 8 - Explain briefly how the following phenomena happen...Ch. 8 - What is the source of Earth’s magnetic field?Ch. 8 - Why is the shape of the magnetosphere not...Ch. 8 - Although he did not present a mechanism, what were...Ch. 8 - List the possible interactions between Earth’s...Ch. 8 - List, in order of decreasing altitude, the...Ch. 8 - In which atmospheric layer are almost all...
Ch. 8 - What is, by far, the most abundant component of...Ch. 8 - In which domain of living things do you find...Ch. 8 - Describe three ways in which the presence of life...Ch. 8 - Briefly describe the greenhouse effect.Ch. 8 - How do impacts by comets and asteroids influence...Ch. 8 - Why are there so many impact craters on our...Ch. 8 - Detail some of the anthropogenic changes to...Ch. 8 - If you wanted to live where the chances of a...Ch. 8 - Which type of object would likely cause more...Ch. 8 - If all life were destroyed on Earth by a large...Ch. 8 - Why is a decrease in Earth’s ozone harmful to...Ch. 8 - Why are we concerned about the increases in CO2...Ch. 8 - Do you think scientists should make plans to...Ch. 8 - Europe and North America are moving apart by about...Ch. 8 - Over the entire Earth, there are 60,000 km of...Ch. 8 - With the information from Exercise 8.25, you can...Ch. 8 - What is the volume of new oceanic basalt added to...Ch. 8 - Suppose a major impact that produces a mass...Ch. 8 - How do the risks of dying from the impact of an...Ch. 8 - What fraction of Earth’s volume is taken up by the...Ch. 8 - Approximately what percentage of Earth’s radius is...Ch. 8 - What is the drift rate of the Pacific plate over...Ch. 8 - What is the percent increase of atmospheric CO2 in...Ch. 8 - Estimate the mass of the object that formed Meteor...
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- Which type of seismic wave cannot pass through Earths core? What does that indicate about the composition of the core?arrow_forwardLook at the hemispheres of Earth shown on the two pages of The Active Earth. Name a folded mountain range. Describe the locations of one subduction zone and one midocean rise.arrow_forwardOver the entire Earth, there are 60,000 km of active rift zones, with average separation rates of 5 m/ century. How much area of new ocean crust is created each year over the entire planet? (This area is approximately equal to the amount of ocean crust that is subducted since the total area of the oceans remains about the same.)arrow_forward
- What characteristics must Earths core have to generate a magnetic field?arrow_forwardList the possible interactions between Earth’s crustal plates that can occur at their boundaries.arrow_forwardEarth’s metallic core has about 55% of the planet’s radius. What percentage of Eth’s volume is taken up by the core?arrow_forward
- What is a boundary layer? What causes a boundary layer to develop?arrow_forwardKnowing Earth’s rotational frequency W = 7.3 x 10-5 s-1 and the characteristic frequency 1/T=U/L of a particular oceanic motion based on its velocity (U), temporal (T) and spatial (L) scales, a) What is the non-dimensional Rossby Number and What does it mean if this parameter value is lower than one?arrow_forwardFully describe the greenhouse effect. How is this important for life on earth?arrow_forward
- A chain of undersea volcanoes has a length of 7,400 km today and the first volcano formed 53 million years ago. How fast is the plate moving each year? (Enter your answer in cm/yr.)arrow_forwardSuppose a major impact that produces a mass extinction takes place on Earth once every 5 million years. Suppose further that if such an event occurred today, you and most other humans would be killed (this would be true even if the human species as a whole survived). Such impact events are random, and one could take place at any time. Calculate the probability that such an impact will occur within the next 50 years (within your lifetime).arrow_forwardExplain briefly how the following phenomena happen on Earth, relating your answers to the theory of plate tectonics A. earthquakes B. continental drift C. mountain building D. volcanic eruptions E. creation of the Hawaiian island chainarrow_forward
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