Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 13TYU
CONNECT How are the endergonic reactions of the first phase of glycolysis coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP, which is exergonic? How are the exergonic reactions of the second phase of glycolysis coupled to the endergonic synthesis of ATP and NADH?
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Use drawings, flow charts, or a table to compare and contrast the energy inputs and outputs during each phase of aerobic respiration vs. fermentation. Be sure to directly discuss inputs and outputs of BOTH processes. Include all phosphorylated compounds and high-energy electron carriers, and briefly EXPLAIN HOW these are produced at each stage of respiration. WHERE does each stage happen? Explain HOW energy from high energy electron carriers is converted to ATP during respiration in mitochondria or aerobic bacteria.
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 8.1 - Write a summary reaction for aerobic respiration...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 8.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 8.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 8.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 8.2 - Add up the energy captured (as ATP, NADH, and...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 5LOCh. 8.2 - Prob. 6LOCh. 8.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 8.2 - Prob. 2C
Ch. 8.2 - What are the roles of NAD+, FAD, and oxygen in...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 4CCh. 8.3 - Summarize how the products of protein and lipid...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 1CCh. 8.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 8.3 - Prob. 3CCh. 8.4 - Compare and contrast anaerobic respiration and...Ch. 8.4 - What is the fate of hydrogen atoms removed from...Ch. 8.4 - What accounts for the ATP yield of fermentation...Ch. 8.4 - Is chemiosmosis involved in fermentation? in...Ch. 8 - A chemical process during which a substance gains...Ch. 8 - The reactions of _____ take place within the...Ch. 8 - Before pyruvate enters the citric acid cycle, it...Ch. 8 - In the first step of the citric acid cycle, an...Ch. 8 - Which of the following is the major source of...Ch. 8 - The aerobic part of aerobic cellular respiration...Ch. 8 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 8 - A net profit of only 2 ATPs can be produced...Ch. 8 - When deprived of oxygen, yeast cells obtain energy...Ch. 8 - Which of the following is a correct ranking of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 8 - CONNECT Explain why the proton gradient formed...Ch. 8 - CONNECT How are the endergonic reactions of the...Ch. 8 - PREDICT Could the inner mitochondrial membrane...Ch. 8 - Prob. 15TYUCh. 8 - Prob. 16TYUCh. 8 - EVOLUTION LINK The reactions of glycolysis are...Ch. 8 - Prob. 18TYU
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- DCCD (diocyclohexylcarbodiimide) inhibits oxidative phosphorylation when the substrate is mitochondrial NADH. DCCD is a drug that binds to ATP synthase and blocks proton transport through the ion channel. a) Explain what the consequences of DCCD on cellular energy production are. b) Suggest at least one other cellular effect of DCCD and explain this effect.arrow_forwardConsider the net summary equation for glycolysis. Suppose 13 molecules of glucose enter glycolysis. Calculate the number of molecules produced or used (a-d) upon completion of glycolysis utilizing all 13 glucose molecules. (a) # P; used (b) # pyruvates produced (c) # NADH produced (d) #ADP used.arrow_forwardWould you expect ATP to inhibit or stimulate activity of this enzyme in the glycolysis pathway? Why? What is the immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis by ATP Synthase during oxidative phosphorylation? Where is CO2 produced in aerobic cell respiration? What would happen to chemiosmosis if the pH in the inner membrane space was decreased (lower)? What would happen if there was an absence of O2 in the electron transport chain? How many ATP’s are formed in the process phosphoglyceraldehyde also known as PGAL? Fatty acid chains after subjected to degradative enzymes in the intestines are hydrolyzed (hydrolysis) into 2 Carbon acetic acid fragments (Each fragment becomes an acetyl Co-A molecule). What stage of cellular respiration will this product of lipolysis enter? How many ATP can one fragment produce in cellular respiration? Calculate the number of ATP harvested from complete oxidation (breakdown) of an 18 carbon fatty acid? Calculate the number of ATP harvested from…arrow_forward
- Solve the following problems using the basic assumptions: 1 NADH --> 2.5 ATP; 1 FADH2 --> 1.5 ATP NADH produced in glycolysis is transported to the mitochondria where the electron is transferred to FADH2. At the end of the total degradation of a pyruvate, how many ATPs will be produced by oxidative phosphorylation only?arrow_forwardGive typed full explanation Diagram the path of electron flow from NADH to the final electron acceptor during oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. For each electron carrier, indicate whether only electrons or both electrons and protons, are accepted/donated by that carrier. B) What would happen to this electron flow and what are the resulting consequences if myxothiazol is added to actively respiring mitochondria using succinate as an electron donor? C) Would you predict ubiquinone reduction to ubiquinol would be more favored at acidic pH or alkaline pH? Why? And as a result, would you predict Complex I active site for this reaction is closer to the N side or P side of the mitochondria?arrow_forwardTable 8: ATP Yield from Anaerobic Respiration (for 1 Glucose Molecule) # of ATPS Generated through Substrate-Level Phosphorylation # of ATPS Generated from NADH and FADH, through Oxidative # of NADH and FADH, Produced Gross Subtotal of ATPS Produced Process Phosphorylation NADH: FADH2: Glycolysis NADH: FADH2: GROSS TOTAL of ATPS Produced # of ATPS Spent NETTOTAL of ATPS Produced Fermentationarrow_forward
- a) Using full chemical structures of substrates and products, draw the two possible pyruvate reduction pathways that regenerate NAD+ from NADH in the absence of oxygen gas. Give names of all compounds and enzymes involved. b) Draw the step in glycolysis that requires at least one of the above pathways to be functional in the absence of oxygen. Give names of all compounds and enzymes involved.arrow_forwardHUW Define metabolism, anabolism, and catabolism. List the ways cells control the flow of molecules through metabolic pathways. Explain the roles of the following molecules in biological energy transfer and storage: ADP, ATP, NADH, FADH2, NADPH. Outline the pathways for aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of glucose and compare the energy yields of the two pathways. Write two equations for aerobic metabolism of one glucose molecule: one using only words and a second using the chemical formula for glucose. Explain how the electron transport system creates the high-energy bond of ATP. Provide a general description of how proteins are made.arrow_forwardMatch the following:Chemiosmosis (a) Pathway that begins the break-Glycolysis down of glucoseElectron (b) ATP production from a protontransport chain gradient across the plasmaFermentation membranePhotosynthesis (c) Anaerobic pathway that uses anKrebs cycle organic final electron acceptor (d) Pathway that uses carbon di- oxide, light, and chlorophyll to produce carbohydrates (e) Also is known as the tricar- boxylic acid cycle (TCA) or the citric acid cycle (f) Flavoproteins, cytochromes, and quinonesarrow_forward
- What is the direct mechanism of ATP synthesis during the electron transport phase of cellular respiration? (what is the potential energy source that drives ATP production?) b) Why is oxygen needed for this phase? c) What is the role of ATP synthasearrow_forwardOutline the chemiosmotic hypothesis for the mechanism by which oxidative phosphorylation is coupled with electron transport. How does uncoupling occur in tissues with uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)? Under what circumstances would uncoupling be disadvantageous, and under what circumstances might it be advantageous?arrow_forwardThe immediate energy source that drives ATPsynthesis by ATP synthase during oxidativephosphorylation is the(A) oxidation of glucose and other organiccompounds.(B) flow of electrons down the electron transportchain.(C) H+concentration gradient across the membrane holdingATP synthase.(D) transfer of phosphate to ADParrow_forward
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