BIOLOGY:THE ESSENTIALS (LL) W/CONNECT
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781260670929
Author: Hoefnagels
Publisher: MCG CUSTOM
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Chapter 8, Problem 12WIO
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The reason for mutation in gene encoding p53 leading to an increase in the risk for cancer.
Introduction:
Cancer is the uncontrolled division of cells. The cell division is primarily regulated by two types of gene: tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes. The mutation in any of these genes can lead to cancer.
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The p53 gene encodes a tumor-suppressor protein, p53, which acts as a transcription factor for several genes. Discuss an example of a specific gene that is activated by p53 and how this gene activation will lead to a pause in the cell cycle for DNA repair to take place.
Tumor suppressor proteins can assist in slowing down the cell cycle under
appropriate conditions. In humans, the TP53 gene encodes a tumor suppressor called
p53. Most mutations in the TP53 gene result in a mutant form of p53 that can no
longer function to slow down the cell cycle, which can lead to a cell becoming
cancerous. However, some mutant forms of p53 actually possess the ability to
increase a cell's resistance to anticancer treatments. Which of the following BEST
describes the latter type of mutation?
loss-of-function mutation
gain-of-function mutation
suppressor mutation
reverse mutation
What separates cancer cells from normal cells?
Describe one form of mutation that can increase the risk of a normal cell being cancerous.
Chapter 8 Solutions
BIOLOGY:THE ESSENTIALS (LL) W/CONNECT
Ch. 8.1 - Explain the roles of mitotic cell division,...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 2MCCh. 8.2 - Prob. 1MCCh. 8.2 - What are the steps of DNA replication?Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 3MCCh. 8.2 - Prob. 4MCCh. 8.3 - Prob. 1MCCh. 8.3 - Prob. 2MCCh. 8.4 - Prob. 1MCCh. 8.4 - Prob. 2MC
Ch. 8.5 - What are the three main events of the cell cycle?Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 2MCCh. 8.5 - Prob. 3MCCh. 8.5 - What happens during each stage of mitosis?Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 5MCCh. 8.6 - Prob. 1MCCh. 8.6 - Prob. 2MCCh. 8.6 - Prob. 3MCCh. 8 - A DNA is placed in a test tube containing...Ch. 8 - A chromosome is made of a. DNA. b. chromatin. c....Ch. 8 - Which of the following explains why binary fission...Ch. 8 - If you were to look at a sample of actively...Ch. 8 - Which stage of the cell cycle occurs immediately...Ch. 8 - What would happen to an animal cell if interphase...Ch. 8 - Why are cell cycle control checkpoints so...Ch. 8 - Prob. 1WIOCh. 8 - Prob. 2WIOCh. 8 - Prob. 3WIOCh. 8 - Sketch and describe the evenst that occur when a...Ch. 8 - List the ways that binary fission is similar to...Ch. 8 - Prob. 6WIOCh. 8 - Prob. 7WIOCh. 8 - Label the arrows connecting the chromosome images...Ch. 8 - Prob. 9WIOCh. 8 - Prob. 10WIOCh. 8 - Prob. 11WIOCh. 8 - Prob. 12WIOCh. 8 - Prob. 1SLCh. 8 - Add DNA polymerase, nucleotides, and complementary...Ch. 8 - Add cell growth and tissue repair to the concept...Ch. 8 - Review the Survey the Landscape figure in the...
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- The protein p53 is activated when the cell's DNA is damaged. p53 helps to arrest the cell cycle in G1, allowing time for the cell to repair its DNA before replicating. p53 does this job by stimulating the synthesis of a protein that inhibits the cyclin-dependent kinase. Mutations that inactivate p53 contribute to 50% of human cancers. Would you classify p53 as a tumor-suppressor gene or a proto-oncogene?arrow_forwardThe p53 pathway is important for regulating the cell cycle. In a normal cell, there is a protein called mdm2 that can bind to p53 and deactivate it. A diseased individual has amutation in the gene that codes for mdm2, resulting in an mdm2 protein that is less able to bind to p53. Will this mutation increase, decrease, or cause no change in the rate of cell death? Explain.arrow_forwardWhy is p53 considered a tumor suppressor protein? Question 12 options: a) Because p53 normally detects breaks in DNA. b) Because p53 normally causes progression from G1 to S phase to halt until damaged DNA is fully repaired. c) Because p53 normally repairs breaks in DNA. d) Because p53 normally stimulates transcription of Repair Polymerase. e) Because p53 normally reduces the mutation rate of DNA polymerase.arrow_forward
- How does the dysregulation of cell cycle checkpoints contribute to the development of cancer?arrow_forwardMutations in p53 are commonly associated with malignant tumor formation. Do deleterious mutations in p53 usually lead to a loss of function or gain of function of the protein?arrow_forwardDescribe the steps by which the TP53 gene responds to DNA damage and/or cellular stress to promote cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Given that TP53 is a recessive gene and is not located on the X chromosome, why would people who inherit just one mutant copy of a recessive tumor-suppressor gene be at higher risk of developing cancer than those without the recessive gene?arrow_forward
- Which component of cell division machinery is frequently targeted by anti-cancer drugs? Can you explain the common side-effects of chemotherapy (e.g. hair loss, mucositis) based on this information?arrow_forward"Cancer Is a Genetic Disease at the Level of Somatic Cells" Explain about this ?arrow_forwardA research study indicated that an agent in cigarette smoke caused the silencing of a tumor suppressor gene called p53. However,upon sequencing, no mutation was found in the DNA sequence for this gene. Give two possible explanations for these results.arrow_forward
- How is apoptosis involved in cancer? Describe the role of apoptosis in cancer and identify what molecules are involved. Cite your references. asap.arrow_forwardD) The level of carbon dioxide increases with the level of available oxygen. 60) The TP53 gene provides instructions for making a protein called tumor protein p53. Known as the guardian of the genome, this protein acts as a tumor suppressor, which means that it regulates cell division by keeping cells from growing and dividing too fast or in an uncontrolled way. The p53 protein is located in the nucleus of cells throughout the body, where it attaches directly to DNA and plays a critical role in determining whether the DNA will be repaired or the damaged cell will self- destruct (undergo apoptosis). If the DNA can be repaired, p53 activates other genes to fix the damage. If the DNA cannot be repaired, this protein prevents the cell from dividing and signals it to undergo apoptosis. eg Suppose chromosomes in a skin cell are damaged by ultraviolet radiation. If the damaged genes do not affect p53, which choice correctly predict if the cell will become cancerous and why? No, the cell will…arrow_forwardHow does p53 induce apoptosis? How does the cell determine what "too much" damage is? Meaning, how can it tell if the damage to the DNA is too severe to fix in order for the cell to move on to S phase? Thank you.arrow_forward
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