Microeconomics
21st Edition
ISBN: 9781259915727
Author: Campbell R. McConnell, Stanley L. Brue, Sean Masaki Flynn Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 8, Problem 12DQ
To determine
Ethics of unconscious nudges.
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Assume the following game situation:
If Player A plays UP and Player B plays LEFT then Player A gets $1 and Player B gets $3.
If Player A plays UP and Player B plays RIGHT then Player A gets $2 and Player B gets $5.
If Player A plays DOWN and Player B plays LEFET then Player A gets $4 and Player B gets $2.
If Player A plays DOWN and Player B plays RIGHT then Player A gets $1 and Player B gets $1
What is the Mixed Strategy Equilibrium for Player B?
O. (LEFT, RIGHT) = (1/8, 3/8)
O. (LEFT, RIGHT) = (1/4, 3/4)
O. (LEFT, RIGHT) = (1/2, 1/2)
O. (LEFT, RIGHT) = (3/8, 1/8)
Suppose Colin's mom has decided to take him out to breakfast to celebrate his birthday. Colin is having a hard time deciding between breakfast combo #1 (3 pancakes and 2 scrambled eggs) and breakfast combo #2 (2 pancakes and 3 scrambled eggs) because they both sound equally good to him (and since his mom is paying for breakfast, he doesn't care about how much they cost). He ends up flipping a coin to decide which one to have. Which of following the statements are true? Select all that apply.
Breakfast combo #1 and breakfast combo #2 are on the same indifference curve for Colin.Breakfast combo #1 and breakfast combo #2 are on the same indifference curve for Colin.
Scrambled eggs and pancakes are perfect substitutes for Colin.Scrambled eggs and pancakes are perfect substitutes for Colin.
If Colin gets breakfast combo #1 his willingness to give up scrambled eggs for pancakes is likely to be lower than if he had gotten breakfast combo #2. If Colin gets breakfast combo #1…
1. Alizeh and Kelly were traveling together and have gotten stranded at an airport overnight.
They have no cash, but they did both think to bring granola bars and turkey sandwiches with
them. They currently each have several granola bars and a few sandwiches. Alizeh announces
that she'd be willing to give up a granola bar for one turkey sandwich. Kelly responds that
turkey sandwiches are bigger than granola bars so she would be willing to give up a granola
bar if she could get half a turkey sandwich. Is Kelly and Alizeh's current allocation of granola
bars and turkey sandwiches efficient? Explain why or why not. (Note that you cannot rely
on a rule here – you have to specifically explain why the allocation does or does not meet the
definition of an efficient allocation.)
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Similar questions
- Assume the following game situation: If Player A plays UP and Player B plays LEFT then Player A gets $2 and Player B gets $4. If Player A plays UP and Player B plays RIGHT then Player A gets $3 and Player B gets $6. If Player A plays DOWN and Player B plays LEFT then Player A gets $5 and Player B gets $2. If Player A plays DOWN and Player B plays RIGHT then Player A gets $1 and Player B gets $1. What is the mixed strategy expected payout for Player B? 1 40/15 39/15 11/2arrow_forwardAssume the following game situation: If Player A plays UP and Player B plays LEFT then Player A gets $2 and Player B gets $4. If Player A plays UP and Player B plays RIGHT then Player A gets $3 and Player B gets $6. If Player A plays DOWN and Player B plays LEFT then Player A gets $5 and Player B gets $2. If Player A plays DOWN and Player B plays RIGHT then Player A gets $1 and Player B gets $1. What is the Mixed Strategy Equilibrium for Player A? O (UP. DOWN) - (2/5, 3/5) O (UP, DOWN) = (1/3, 2/3) O (UP, DOWN) = (7/8, 1/8) O (UP, DOWN) - (1/8, 7/8)arrow_forwardOne type of systematic error arises because people tend to think of benefits in percentage terms rather than in absolute dollar amounts. As an example, Samir is willing to drive 20 minutes out of his way to save $4 on a grocery item that costs $10 at a local market. But he is unwilling to drive 20 minutes out of his way to save $10 on a laptop that costs $400 at a local store. In percentage terms, how big is the savings on the grocery item? On the laptop? In absolute terms, how big is the savings on the grocery item? On the laptop? If Samir is willing to sacrifice 20 minutes of his time to save $4 in one case, shouldn’t he also be willing to sacrifice 20 minutes of his time to save $10?arrow_forward
- Assume the following game situation: If Player A plays UP and Player B plays LEFT then Player A gets $1 and Player B gets $2. If Player A plays UP and Player B plays RIGHT then Player A gets $4 and Player B gets $3. If Player A plays DOWN and Player B plays LEFT then Player A gets $2 and Player B gets $4. If Player A plays DOWN and Player B plays RIGHT then Player A gets $3 and Player B gets $1. What is the probability that Player A will play UP and Player B will play LEFT? 3/8 O 1/8 O 1/4 O 1/2arrow_forwardSuppose players A and B play a discrete ultimatum game where A proposes to split a $5 surplus and B responds by either accepting the offer or rejecting it. The offer can only be made in $1 increments. If the offer is accepted, the players' payoffs resemble the terms of the offer while if the offer is rejected, both players get zero. Also assume that players always use the strategy that all strictly positive offers are accepted, but an offer of $0 is rejected. A. What is the solution to the game in terms of player strategies and payoffs? Explain or demonstrate your answer. B. Suppose the ultimatum game is played twice if player B rejects A's initial offer. If so, then B is allowed to make a counter offer to split the $5, and if A rejects, both players get zero dollars at the end of the second round. What is the solution to this bargaining game in terms of player strategies and payoffs? Explain/demonstrate your answer. C. Suppose the ultimatum game is played twice as in (B) but now there…arrow_forward3. Consider a two-player, sequential-move game where each player can choose to play right or left. Player 1 moves first. Player 2 observes player 1's actual move and then decides to move right or left. If player 1 moves right, player 1 receives £20 and player 2 receives £45. If both move left, player 1 receives £15 and player 2 receives £30. If player 1 moves left and player 2 moves right, player 1 receives £40 and player 2 receives £40. a. Draw the above situation in the form of an extensive form game. b. Find the sub-game perfect Nash equilibrium of the extensive form game.arrow_forward
- 10. Player A and Player B are playing a game . First , Player A chooses to either " Keep " or " Pass " . Second , Player B observes A's choice and Player B then chooses to either Keep or Pass . This process continues which creates the sequential game below . Please mark decisions that rational and selfish players will choose at every decision node ( 3 decisions by player A and 3 decisions by player B ) - mark them on the Figure . What is the equilibrium of this game ?arrow_forwardRita is playing a game of chance in which she tosses a dart into a rotating dartboard with 8 equal-sized slices numbered 1 through 8. The dart lands on a numbered slice at random. This game is this: Rita tosses the dart once. She wins $1 if the dart lands in slice 1, $2 if the dart lands in slice 2, $5 if the dart lands in slice 3, and $8 if the dart lands in slice 4. She loses $3 if the dart lands in slices 5, 6, 7, or 8. (If necessary, consult a list of formulas.) (a) Find the expected value of playing the game. | dollars (b) What can Rita expect in the long run, after playing the game many times? O Rita can expect to gain money. She can expect to win dollars per toss. Rita can expect to lose money. She can expect to lose dollars per toss. O Rita can expect to break even (neither gain nor lose money).arrow_forwardSuppose that there are three beachfront parcels of land available for sale in Astoria, and six people who would each like to purchase one parcel. Assume that the parcels are essentially identical and that the selling price of each is $745,000. The following table states each person's willingness and ability to purchase a parcel. Willingness and Ability to Purchase (Dollars) Alyssa 720,000 Brian 690,000 Crystal 680,000 Nick 900,000 Rosa 810,000 Tim 770,000 Which of these people will buy one of the three beachfront parcels? Check all that apply. Alyssa Brian Crystal Nick Rosa Tim Assume that the three beachfront parcels are sold to the people you indicated in the previous section. Suppose that a few days after the last of those beachfront parcels is sold, another essentially identical beachfront parcel becomes available for sale at a price of $732,500. This fourth parcel _____________be sold…arrow_forward
- 3. Suppose we play the following game. I give you $100 for your initial bankroll. At each time n, you decide how much of your current wealth to bet. You cannot borrow money. You can only play with the money I gave you in the beginning or any money that you have won so far. The game is simple. At each time n ≥ 1, you decide the amount to bet. I will roll a fair die. If the die comes up 1,2,3,..., or 5, you win; if the die comes up 6, then you lose. IOW, if you bet $10 on the first roll, you will either have $90 or $110 after the first roll. (a) Suppose you wish to maximize your profit on the first roll. How much should you bet? (Most of you will get this wrong.) (b) What is the expected profit on the first roll if your bet is b with 0 ≤ b ≤ 100? (c) Suppose you wish to maximize your expected profit on the first roll. How much should you bet? (d) Suppose you wish to maximize your expected profit betting on the nth roll. How much of your current wealth do you bet? (e) Let X₂, be your…arrow_forwardJulia and Ralph need to decide which one of them will take time off from work to complete the rather urgent task of pruning their trees. Julia is pretty good with a pole saw; she can prune the trees in 1 hour. Ralph is somewhat slow; it takes him 6 hours to prune the trees. Julia earns $120 per hour as a business consultant, while Ralph earns $15 per hour as a lifeguard.Keeping in mind that either Julia or Ralph must take time off from work to prune the trees, who has the lowest opportunity cost of completing the task?arrow_forwardConsider the following game of ’divide the dollar.’ There is a dollar to be split between two players. Player 1 can make any offer to player 2 in increments of 25 cents; that is, player 1 can make offers of 0 cents, 25 cents, 50 cents, 75 cents, and $1. An offer is the amount of the original dollar that player 1 would like player 2 to have. After player 2 gets an offer, she has the option of either accepting or rejecting the offer. If she accepts, she gets the offered amount and player 1 keeps the remainder. If she rejects, neither player gets anything. Draw the game tree of the modified version of the ’divide the dollar’ game in which player 2 can make a counteroffer if she does not accept player 1’s offer. After player 2 makes her counteroffer - if she does - player 1 can accept or reject the counteroffer. As before, if there is no agreement after the two rounds of offers, neither player gets anything. If there is an agreement in either round then each player gets the amount agreed…arrow_forward
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