Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 7.6, Problem 3EQ
Summary Introduction
To determine: Whether the rotations seen by researchers in the data of Figure 7.13 are in the same direction as they are expected to occur in mitochondria during ATP synthesis and the reason for it.
Introduction: ATP synthase was visualized by Yoshida and Kinosita to prove the hypothesis that ATP synthase is a rotary machine. One γ, three β and three α subunits are present in an ATP synthase molecule. In the experiment, γ subunit was made to rotate by adding ATP.
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.Wheeler and Mathews (J. Biol. Chem. 286:16992–16996, 2011) reported
the concentrations of adenine nucleotides in rat liver mitochondria as fol-
lows: ATP, 5.5 mM; ADP, 5.1 mM; AMP, 1.8 mM.
(a) Calculate the adenylate energy charge within the mitochondrion
[ATP] + 0.5[ADP]
(adenylate energy charge
[ATP] + [ADP] + [AMPJ'
(b) Most measurements of adenylate energy charge in whole cells or
cytosol give values close to 0.9. Speculate on reasons why it might be
advantageous for mitochondria to have an ADP concentration almost as
high as that of ATP.
(c) succinyl-CoA + ADP + P¡
= -2.9 kJ/mol
If [P;] within the mitochondrion is 0.05 M and succinate and succinyl-
CoA are present at equimolar concentrations, what is the maximum
succinate + ATP + CoA-SH AG°'
mitochondrial concentration of CoA-SH at which the reaction can be
exergonic?
Biochemists working with isolated mitochondria recognize five
energy "states" of mitochondria, depending on the presence or
absence of essential substrates for respiration-O, ADP, oxidizable
substrates, and so forth. The characteristics of each state are:
state 1: mitochondria alone (in buffer containing P;)
state 2: mitochondria + substrate, but respiration low due to
lack of ADP
There is no bioavailable glucose or carbohydrates on Kepler-28d. Given the harsh conditions on Kepler-28d, describe how your cell will respire to generate ATP. In your answer, ensure that you include the essential organelles required for respiration and the relevant inputs and outputs of each organelle in the respiration pathway. (200 words maximum) what about chemosynthesis can that be used or no?
Chapter 7 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 7.2 - Core Skill: Connections Look ahead to Table 45.1....Ch. 7.2 - Which organic molecules donate a phosphate group...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 2CSCh. 7.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 7.5 - Explain the meaning of the name cytochrome...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 7.6 - Prob. 1CSCh. 7.6 - Prob. 1EQCh. 7.6 - CoreSKILL In the experiment of Figure 7.13, what...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 3EQ
Ch. 7.7 - Prob. 1CCCh. 7 - Which of the following pathways occurs in the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2TYCh. 7 - Prob. 3TYCh. 7 - Which organic molecule supplies a two-carbon group...Ch. 7 - The ability to diagnose tumors using...Ch. 7 - Prob. 6TYCh. 7 - Certain drugs, which are called ionophores, cause...Ch. 7 - Prob. 8TYCh. 7 - Prob. 9TYCh. 7 - Prob. 10TYCh. 7 - Prob. 1CQCh. 7 - What causes the rotation of the subunit of ATP...Ch. 7 - Core Concept: Energy and Matter How is glucose...Ch. 7 - Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2COQ
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- You are working with a yeast that can undergo fermentation or respiration. You take equal aliquots of the same yeast culture and grow them providing equal amounts of sugar. However, you culture aliquot A into an airtight bottle and aliquot B into an open shallow dish. Are the cells in cultures A and B obtaining all of their energy in a similar way? Yes, both cultures can complete glycolysis, and derive additional energy (ATP) from Krebs cycle and electron transport chain. No, only culture A can complete glycolysis, and derive additional energy (ATP) from Krebs cycle and electron transport chain, while Culture B derives all of its energy only from glycolysis. Yes, both cultures can complete glycolysis, and derive no energy (ATP) from Krebs cycle and electron transport chain. O No, only culture B can complete glycolysis, and derive additional energy (ATP) from Krebs cycle and electron transport chain, while Culture A derives all of its energy only from glycolysis.arrow_forwardC I B TT -0 E Process C is called [Select] occurs in the [Select] molecules A, B and [Select] [Select] A B m Molecule A is a small electron carrier that can easily move around the water based solutions via diffusion. The main carrier used in this system is called [Select] F B when it is oxidized. and It produces but noarrow_forwardSuppose the concentration of glucose inside a cell is 0.1 mM and the cell issuspended in a glucose solution of 0.01 mM.(a) What would be the free energy change, in kJ/mol, for the transport ofglucose from the medium into the cell? Assume T = 37 °C.(b) What would be the free energy change, in kJ/mol, for the transport ofglucose from the medium into the cell if the intracellular and extracellularconcentrations were 1 mM and 10 mM, respectively?(c) If the processes described in parts (a) and (b) were coupled toATP hydrolysis, how many moles of ATP would have to be hydrolysed,per mole of glucose transported, in order to make each process favorable? (Use the standard free energy change for ATP hydrolysis.)arrow_forward
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