Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7, Problem 7TY
Certain drugs, which are called ionophores, cause the mitochondrial membrane to be highly permeable to H+. How would such drugs affect oxidative phosphorylation?
- a. Movement of electrons down the ETC would be inhibited.
- b. ATP synthesis would be inhibited.
- c. ATP synthesis would be unaffected.
- d. ATP synthesis would be stimulated.
- e. Both a and b would occur.
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Which of the following statements concerning ATP synthesis is NOT true?
a.
The open conformation of the ATP synthase is for releasing ATP.
b.
The gamma subunit in the stalk responds to the flow of H+ and rotates the assembly counterclockwise and thus change the conformations of the active site to synthesize ATP.
c.
The tight conformation of the ATP synthase is for converting ADP and phosphate to ATP.
d.
The loose conformation of the ATP synthase is for binding ADP and phosphate.
e.
Ten protons are required to catalyze the rotation of the subunits so that one ATP is synthesized.
Clear my choice
Under conditions where cellular ATP levels are high the rate of electron transport in mitochondria slows down. This is referred to as “respiratory control”
What is the mechanism behind respiratory control?
A.
A high pH gradient slows proton pumping, which in turn slows electron transport.
B.
Glucose binds to the ATP synthase complex slowing the rate of diffusion of protons across the membrane.
C.
Molecules of UQ within the membrane change shape, which slows their rate of diffusion.
D.
ATP binds to NADH dehydrogenase complex (Complex 1) slowing the rate of NADH oxidation.
Which of the following statements is true?
A. The NADH dehydrogenase complex can pump more protons than can the cytochrome b-c1 complex.
B. The pH in the mitochondrial matrix is higher than the pH in the intermembrane space.
C. The proton concentration gradient and the membrane potential across the inner mitochondrial membrane tend to work against each other in driving protons from the intermembrane space into the matrix.
D. The difference in proton concentration across the inner mitochondrial membrane has a much larger effect than the membrane potential on the total proton-motive force.
Chapter 7 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 7.2 - Core Skill: Connections Look ahead to Table 45.1....Ch. 7.2 - Which organic molecules donate a phosphate group...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 2CSCh. 7.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 7.5 - Explain the meaning of the name cytochrome...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 7.6 - Prob. 1CSCh. 7.6 - Prob. 1EQCh. 7.6 - CoreSKILL In the experiment of Figure 7.13, what...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 3EQ
Ch. 7.7 - Prob. 1CCCh. 7 - Which of the following pathways occurs in the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2TYCh. 7 - Prob. 3TYCh. 7 - Which organic molecule supplies a two-carbon group...Ch. 7 - The ability to diagnose tumors using...Ch. 7 - Prob. 6TYCh. 7 - Certain drugs, which are called ionophores, cause...Ch. 7 - Prob. 8TYCh. 7 - Prob. 9TYCh. 7 - Prob. 10TYCh. 7 - Prob. 1CQCh. 7 - What causes the rotation of the subunit of ATP...Ch. 7 - Core Concept: Energy and Matter How is glucose...Ch. 7 - Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2COQ
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which of the following statements concerning ATP synthesis in mitochondria is FALSE? a. interruption of the flow of electrons from NADH to oxygen would decrease ATP synthesis b. making the inner mitochondrial membrane permeable to H+ would decrease ATP synthesis c. the energy liberated by the electron-transport chain is used to pump H+ ions into the IM-space d. the movement of H+ through a special channel enzyme (synthase) results in ATP synthesis e. when protons move from the matrix to the IM-space, ATP is made from ADP + Piarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is NOT true about the electron transport chain (ETC) and oxidative phosphorylation? A. Oxidative phosphorylation requires the enzyme complexes to be soluble in the mitochondrial matrix. B. If the proton gradient is too high, electrons will not move through the ETC. C. The movement of electrons down the ETC only happens if protons are pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix. D. Oxidative phosphorylation requires the mitochondrial intermembrane space to be more positively charged than the matrix. E. The free energy of the proton gradient can be used to create high energy bonds.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is NOT true about the electron transport chain (ETC) and oxidative phosphorylation? (Only one answer applies) A. Oxidative phosphorylation requires the enzyme complexes to be soluble in the mitochondrial matrix. B. If the proton gradient is too high, electrons will not move through the ETC. C. The movement of electrons down the ETC only happens if protons are pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix. D. Oxidative phosphorylation requires the mitochondrial intermembrane space to be more positively charged than the matrix. E. The free energy of the proton gradient can be used to create high energy bonds.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is TRUE of the electron transport chain (ETC)? A. The movement of electrons down the ETC drives the formation of a proton (H+) gradient. B. The movement of H+ ions through ATP synthase drives the transfer of electrons down the ETC. C. The movement of electrons down the ETC drives the movement of ADP and phosphate through ATP synthase. D. The movement of H+ ions across the inner membrane of the mitochondria drives the transfer of electrons down the ETC.arrow_forwardWhat effect will increasing the number of c subunits in ATP synthase have on the P:O ratio? A. It will increase for both NADH and FADH2. B. It will increase for NADH and decrease for FADH2. C. It will decrease for NADH and increase for FADH2. D. It will decrease for both NADH and FADH2. E. It will remain unchanged for both NADH and FADH2.arrow_forwardwhich statement is false? a. Electrons do not usually flow through the electron-transport chain to oxygen unless ADP is simultaneously phosphorylated to ATP. b. Oxidative phosphorylation requires a supply of NADH or other source of electrons at high potential, oxygen, and ADP. c. The rate of oxygen consumption by mitochondria increases markedly when ADP is added and then returns to its initial value when the added ADP has been converted into ATP. d. The most important factor in determining the rate of oxidative phosphorylation is the level of ADP and inorganic phosphate.arrow_forward
- Which of the following on the transport processes across the inner mitochondria membrane is FALSE? a. The functions of the inner mitochondria membrane shuttle proteins do not cost energy. b. The import of ADP into the mitochondria is always coupled to the export of ATP. c. In heart and liver, NADH transport to the mitochondria requires the TCA cycle enzyme malate dehydrogenase. d. In muscle, the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle transports cytoplasmic NADH to the mitochondria as FADH .arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is MOST ACCURATE? A. The oxidation of NADH in the mitochondrial matrix results in the transfer of 1 electron to the electron transport chain. B. The reduction of NADH in the mitochondrial matrix results in the transfer of 1 electron to the electron transport chain. C. The reduction of NADH in the mitochondrial matrix results in the transfer of 2 electrons to the electron transport chain. D. The oxidation of NADH in the cytoplasm results in the transfer of 1 electron to the electron transport chain. E. The oxidation of NADH in the mitochondrial matrix results in the transfer of 2 electrons to the electron transport chain.arrow_forwardYou are testing the effects of different molecules on respiration using isolated liver cells that are growing on glucose. For each of the compounds listed below, indicate whether the compound will increase or decrease respiration (measured by monitoring oxygen consumption), and provide reasoning for your answer in two sentences at most. Consider only the early time after the compound begins to exert its effects. a. An inhibitor of the FoF1 ATPase b. A proton channel that enables protons to cross the inner mitochondrial membrane by facilitated diffusion c. An inhibitor of NADH dehydrogenase (complex I of the electron transport chain)arrow_forward
- How did a high-fat diet affect the function of mitochondrial electron transfer chains in brown fat? (Hint: Review oxygen's role in the electron transfer chain.) A. A high-fat diet made the electron transfer chains more efficient, so they likely generated more heat. B. A high-fat diet made the electron transfer chains less efficient, so they likely generated less heat.arrow_forwardWhy is there a difference in the ATP that is being produced by the NADH molecule coming from Glycolysis which could be 4-6 for 2 NADH molecules? a.The conversion of reduction of NAD+ to NADH is a highly energetic process. b.Glycolysis uses 2 ATP for the production of NADH. c.NADH molecules from Glycolysis is not energetic enough to produce the 3 ATP. d.It will be dependent on the pathway that the NADH will be undergoing.arrow_forwardDuring oxidative phosphorylation, the proton motive force that is generated by electron transport is used to: a. Generate the substrates (ADP and Pi) for the ATP synthase. b. Create a pore in the inner mitochondrial membrane. c. Oxidize NADH to NAD+. d. Induce a conformational change in the ATP synthase.arrow_forward
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