Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 7, Problem 6TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Racker and Stoeckenicus conducted an experiment in which the orientation of bacteriorhodopsin was made such that H+ was pumped into a vesicle and each vesicle contains many molecules of bacteriorhodopsin.
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To study the mechanism of SERCA, you prepare membrane vesicles containing this protein oriented such that its ATP binding site is on the outer surface of the vesicle. To measure pump activity, you use an assay that detects the formation of inorganic phosphate in the medium. When you add calcium and ATP to the medium, you observe phosphate production for only a short period of time. Only after the addition of calcimycin , a molecule that makes membranes selectively permeable to calcium, do you observe sustained phosphate production. Explain.
Suppose you have a cell from a freshwater fish that is isotonic with its surrounding environment, with a K+ concentration inside the cell of 0.05M. You then immerse this cell in saltwater where the K+ concentration is 0.25M. What would you predict will happen to the cell?
a)Water will move into the cell, and the cell will swell and burst
b)Water will move out of the cell, and the cell will shrink
c)Water will move in and out of the cell with no net change in concentration, and the cell will remain the same size
d)The cell wall will prevent the cell from changing size
yeasts are able to produce high internal concentrations of glycerol to counteract the osmotic pressure of the surrounding media. suppose that a sample of yeast cells were placed in a 4% sodium chloride solution by weight.
The density of solution is at 25 C = 1.02 g/ml, Molecular weight of solute = 58.44 g/mol, i of glycerol = 1 and R=0.08205 L-atm/mol-K
What is the weight of solute in grams
What is the moles of solute
What is the volume of the solution in liters
What is the molarity of the solution
What is the value of the temperature to be used to solved for the osmotic pressure of the solution
What is the osmotic pressure of solution
Chapter 7 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 7.2 - Core Skill: Connections Look ahead to Table 45.1....Ch. 7.2 - Which organic molecules donate a phosphate group...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 2CSCh. 7.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 7.5 - Explain the meaning of the name cytochrome...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 7.6 - Prob. 1CSCh. 7.6 - Prob. 1EQCh. 7.6 - CoreSKILL In the experiment of Figure 7.13, what...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 3EQ
Ch. 7.7 - Prob. 1CCCh. 7 - Which of the following pathways occurs in the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2TYCh. 7 - Prob. 3TYCh. 7 - Which organic molecule supplies a two-carbon group...Ch. 7 - The ability to diagnose tumors using...Ch. 7 - Prob. 6TYCh. 7 - Certain drugs, which are called ionophores, cause...Ch. 7 - Prob. 8TYCh. 7 - Prob. 9TYCh. 7 - Prob. 10TYCh. 7 - Prob. 1CQCh. 7 - What causes the rotation of the subunit of ATP...Ch. 7 - Core Concept: Energy and Matter How is glucose...Ch. 7 - Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2COQ
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- If you start with 100 mM Na+ and 100 mM K+ outside the liposomes, and 100 mM Na+ and 100 mM K+ inside the liposomes like in (A), then you add ATP to the solution outside the liposomes, then how will the Na+ and K+ concentrations change?arrow_forwardIn the Nernst equation [V = 62 log10 (Co/ Ci)], the term Ci represents: the extracellular concentration of potassium the extracellular concentration of sodium the membrane potential (in millivolts) the intracellular concentration of calcium the intracellular concentration of potassium Which of the following ions must be kept to very low concentrations within the cell cytoplasm in order to allow for enough substrate molecules to synthesize nucleotides and nucleic acids? HCO3- (bicarbonate) Ca2+ (calcium) PO43- (phosphate) Na+ (sodium) K+ (potassium)arrow_forwardFor the following scenarios, determine whether the molecules in the scenario are moving by simple diffusion (S), osmosis (0), facilitated diffusion (F), or active transport (A). a)For water to travel across the cell membrane at a substantial rate, the water molecules travel through protein channels known as aquaporins b)While water molecules are polar, they are also very small. Some water molecules are able to squeeze directly through the phospholipid bilayer due to their small size. C)Charged ions such as Na* travel through a cell membrane against their concentration gradient d)Cells lining the gut need to take in glucose, but at certain times, the concentration of extraceliular glucose is lower than the concentration already stored in the cells. e)At a certain time, glucose is in a high concentration outside of a cell and needs to travel through the membrane into the cell but does so using a glucose transporter protein.arrow_forward
- Bacterial cells have a much higher rate of metabolism than animal cells. Under ideal conditions, some bacteria double in size anddivide every 20 min, whereas most animal cells under rapid growth conditions require 24 hours. The high rate of bacterial metabolism requires a high ratio of surface area to cell volume.(a) Why does surface-to-volume ratio affect the maximum rate of metabolism?(b) Calculate the surface-to-volume ratio for the spherical bacterium Neisseriagonorrhoeae (diameter 0.5 μm), responsible for the disease gonorrhea. Compare it with the surface-to-volume ratio for a globular amoeba, a large eukaryotic cell (diameter 150 μm). The surface area of a sphere is 4πr 2 .arrow_forwardThe potato blocks used in this experiment are rich in starch molecules. Iodine potassium iodide (IKI) is a starch indicator that forms a blue-black complex in the presence of starch. What does the width of the black of the potato cube represent in the context of diffusion? How does the width of the black iodide starch complex of each potato block compare to the others? Why? Table 1a Why Are Cells Small Length (l) (cm) Width (w) (cm) Height (h) (cm) Size of Cross Section (h x w) (cm) Distance Traveled by IKI from Potato Edge (cm) Area of White Region (l x w) (cm) 2.50 2.50 2.50 6.25 cm 0.20 cm 2.64 cm 2.00 2.00 1.00 2.00cm 0.30 cm 1.87 cm 1.50 1.50 1.50 2.25 cm 0.50 cm 1.50 cm 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 cm 0.40 0.60 cm 2.00 0.50 0.50 0.25 cm 0.20 cm 0.15 cm 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.25 cm 0.30 cm 0.10 cmarrow_forwardEndocytosis and exocytosis are both forms of [ ACTIVE / PASSIVE ] transport that [ DO / DO NOT ] require energy. Outline an example/scenario in which a cell would need to perform a form of endocytosis. Outline an example/scenario in which a cell would need to perform exocytosis. a) Name the 3 specific types of endocytosis. b) Exocytosis is considered the opposite/reverse process as? Pls helparrow_forward
- Shown below are cells (colored) that were recently placed into a beaker containing a clear solution For each scenario, indicate whether movement of the molecule into the cell will occur using facilitated diffusion or active transport. А. B. 125mM 20mM fructose glucose 85MM 35mM fructose glucose OA= facilitated diffusion; B= facilitated diffusion OA= active transport; B= active transport O A= active transport; B= facilitated diffusion A= facilitated diffusion; B= active transportarrow_forwardIn the experimental conditions described below, how many molecules of dextrose do you have to add to the extracellular fluid in order to make it iso-osmotic relative to the intracellular fluid? Intracellular fluid: Number of water molecules = 60 Number of Dextrose molecules = 5 Number of Sucrose molecules = 3 Extracellular fluid: Number of water molecules = 160 Number of dextrose molecule = ???? Number of Sucrose molecules = 0 Enter the number of molecules of dextrose in your answer (format: for 7 enter 7 or 7.00, for 7.5 enter 7.5 or 7.50, for 7.3333 enter 7.33 etc...).arrow_forwardActive transport pumps are used to move sodium ions across the membranes of gill cells in freshwater fish species. Which of the following statements about the pumps is accurate?Explain. a) There are specific binding sites for sodium ions on the pump b) They require osmosis to carry the sodium ions into the cell c) This is an example of passive diffusion and ATP is required d) Their lipid based structure allows it to embed in the cell membranearrow_forward
- The potato blocks used in this experiment are rich in starch molecules. Iodine potassium iodide is a starch indicator that forms a blue-black complex in the presence of starch. What does the width of the black of the potato cube represent in the context of diffusion?arrow_forwardAmong the statements a, b and c, which is/are false? a) Endocytosis is the formation of vacuoles by the plasma membrane for the purpose oftransport inside the cell a small content of extracellular fluid. b) Exocytosis is the formation of vacuoles by the plasma membrane for the purpose oftransport a small amount of intracellular fluid out of the cell. c) Pinocytosis is a form of endocytosis. d) All of these statements are false. e) None of these statements is false.arrow_forwardTwo NaCl solutions, Solution A and Solution B, are separated by a selectively permeable membrane. You observe that the movement of solvent is from Solution B to Solution A. Which solution initially had the higher salt concentration? Question 2 options: a) solution A b) solution B c) Neitherarrow_forward
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