Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7.11, Problem 2MQ
- What prevents the toxin component of TA modules from killing the cell under normal conditions?
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1. NSF is an enzyme that uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to disassemble complexes between v-SNAREs and t-SNAREs.a) Why do you suppose such an enzyme is needed?b) If NSF were suddenly inactivated and then the cells were examined a short time later, what types of effects would you expect to see?
Poliovirus is highly cytopathic both in cultured cells and in animals. Inoculation of mice with poliovirus leads to a robust antibody and cellular response. Explain why mice infected with a poliovirus mutant that cannot cause cell death have poor antibody and cellular responses. What would be one strategy to restore robust antibody and cellular responses in mice infected with this mutant virus?
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Explain why you chose, or did not choose, each answer.
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Chapter 7 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 7.1 - What is the utility of a reporter gene?Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 2MQCh. 7.1 - Prob. 1CRCh. 7.2 - Prob. 1MQCh. 7.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 7.2 - Prob. 1CRCh. 7.3 - What is the divisome?Ch. 7.3 - How does FtsZ find the cell midpoint of a...Ch. 7.3 - What is the role of the penicillin-binding protein...Ch. 7.4 - How does MreB control the shape of a rod-shaped...
Ch. 7.4 - What protein is thought to control the shape of...Ch. 7.4 - What relationships exist between cytoskeletal...Ch. 7.4 - What morphology do cells have that lack MreB or...Ch. 7.5 - Prob. 1MQCh. 7.5 - What is transpeptidation and why is it important...Ch. 7.5 - Prob. 1CRCh. 7.6 - How are different sets of genes expressed in the...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 7.6 - Prob. 1CRCh. 7.7 - Why are the levels of DnaA protein controlled...Ch. 7.7 - Prob. 2MQCh. 7.7 - Prob. 1CRCh. 7.8 - Prob. 1MQCh. 7.8 - What is the major transcriptional regulator that...Ch. 7.8 - What is meant by "patterning" during heterocyst...Ch. 7.9 - What are the four basic stages of biofilm...Ch. 7.9 - Besides autoinducer synthesis, what intracellular...Ch. 7.9 - What type of genes does c-di-GMP activate during...Ch. 7.10 - Describe two targets of antibiotics and discuss...Ch. 7.10 - Prob. 2MQCh. 7.10 - Prob. 3MQCh. 7.10 - Prob. 1CRCh. 7.11 - Is persistence a heritable trait?Ch. 7.11 - What prevents the toxin component of TA modules...Ch. 7.11 - Prob. 3MQCh. 7.11 - Prob. 1CRCh. 7 - If DnaA was not regulated in Escherichia coli and...Ch. 7 - Explain how cells exhibiting different phenotypes...Ch. 7 - Describe how you would genetically design a...
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- In 1994, the U.S. Public Health Service identified “10 Essential Public Health Services.” For each of the ten, briefly describe a specific activity that has been used in the response to COVID-19.arrow_forward1. a)how is it possible for such drugs to selectively kill bacterial cells and not our own cells? b)Provide an example of post-translational regulation of protein activity and explain the advantage of regulating each protein/process at the post-translational level instead of the transcriptional level.arrow_forward1) A) List 15 drugs (monoclonal antibodies can be used) used clinically to treat cancer in humans. These targets must be signal transduction pathway components. B) For each drug, list the specific protein targeted. C) For each drug, describe the efficacy of treatment (i.e. what is the success rate in life extension) as well as appropriate cost of treatment whether it be per round or an average annual cost.arrow_forward
- 19. A 22-year-old man who was recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus has learned to test his blood for glucose and is compliant with all treatment instructions. When asked by his family how he is coping with his disease, he says, "I prefer not to think about it." This behavior is best described as which of the following? A) Denial F) Repression B) Identification G) Somatization C) Projection H) Splitting D) Rationalization 1) Sublimation E) Reaction formation J) Suppressionarrow_forwardWhat is the Membrane attack complex (MAC)?arrow_forwardIn what way does the action of the membrane attack complexresemble the action of perforin?arrow_forward
- Which statement among A-D is false regarding bacterial toxins? A) O Hemolysıns are cell membrane disrupters that can rupture red blood cells. B) O Second mesengar pathway disrupters like cholera toxin produces a debilitating respiratory condition of the lungs. C) O Shiga toxin, tetanus toxin, and hemolysins are all types of exotoxins. D) O Superantigens elicit a hyperactive response by the immune system and can lead to shock. E) O None are false, A-D are all true statements.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statement is false regarding the SARS-CoV-2 protease Mpro? a) Mpro catalyze the translation of viral RNA into polyproteins b) Mpro is an ideal drug target because its structure is largely conserved across the SARS-CoV family c) N3 is an irreversible inhibitor that block the substrate binding site of Mpro d) Mpro forms a dimeric structure and each protomer is composed of three domainsarrow_forwardEach intracellular fusion of a vesicle with a membrane requires a SNARE protein on the vesicle (called the v-SNARE) and a SNARE protein on the target membrane (called the t-SNARE). Assume that a genome encodes 21 members of the vSNARE family and 7 members of the t-SNARE family. With the assumption of no specificity, how many potential v-SNARE–t-SNARE interactions could take place?arrow_forward
- 135. During an experiment, a transgenic mouse is developed in which regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) are made more sensitive to Fas-mediated apoptosis. The enhanced apoptosis of Tregs will most likely cause an increase in which of the following in this mouse? A) Autoantibody production OB) Basophil degranulation C) Complement activation D) Dendritic cell migration E) Neutrophil activationarrow_forwardHow are targeting and fusionproteins such as SNAREs regulated,so that they can be returned to theirrespective donor compartments in aninactive state?arrow_forward135. During an experiment, a transgenic mouse is developed in which regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) are made more sensitive to Fas-mediated apoptosis. The enhanced apoptosis of Tregs will most likely cause an increase in which of the following in this mouse? A) Autoantibody production B) Basophil degranulation C) Complement activation D) Dendritic cell migration E) Neutrophil activationarrow_forward
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