Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 7.10, Problem 1CR
Summary Introduction
Ribosomes of bacteria are a major target site for antibiotics. These drugs inhibit the function of ribosomes by interfering with the translation of messenger RNA or by blocking the peptide bond formation. Thus inhibits the process of protein synthesis. Most of the antibiotics act by targeting the protein synthesis, which is an essential process for bacterial growth.
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:) Choose the statement that correctly explains how an antibiotic that inhibits protein
synthesis can be selective.
A) Antibiotics bind to the 70S bacterial ribosomes but not to the 80S eukaryotic
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ribosomes.
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B) Eukaryotic cells are impermeable to these antibiotics so the antibiotics cannot enter
them.
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3)
4)
C) Eukaryotic cells inactivate these antibiotics.
D) Antibiotics prevent the synthesis of bacterial tRNAs but not eukaryotic tRNAs.
Infection occurs when
A) a person swallows microbes in/on food
B) contaminants are present on the skin
C) pathogens enter and multiply in body tissues
D) a person inhales microbes in the air
E) All of the choices are correct.
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Ampicillin, amoxicillin, mezlocillin, and penicillin G all
A) target the cell wall
B) have an expanded spectrum of activity
C) have resistance to the action of penicillinase server ingrat at egub…
The ribosome is the target for many important antibiotics. These drugs must discriminate between bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes to achieve drug specificity and toxicity. For the two common antibiotics below, what is their mechanism of action and why are they more toxic to bacteria than eukaryotes?
a) Tetracycline
b) Erythromycin
Why do bacteria that are not genetically resistant to antibiotics die out when exposed to antibiotics?
Chapter 7 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 7.1 - What is the utility of a reporter gene?Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 2MQCh. 7.1 - Prob. 1CRCh. 7.2 - Prob. 1MQCh. 7.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 7.2 - Prob. 1CRCh. 7.3 - What is the divisome?Ch. 7.3 - How does FtsZ find the cell midpoint of a...Ch. 7.3 - What is the role of the penicillin-binding protein...Ch. 7.4 - How does MreB control the shape of a rod-shaped...
Ch. 7.4 - What protein is thought to control the shape of...Ch. 7.4 - What relationships exist between cytoskeletal...Ch. 7.4 - What morphology do cells have that lack MreB or...Ch. 7.5 - Prob. 1MQCh. 7.5 - What is transpeptidation and why is it important...Ch. 7.5 - Prob. 1CRCh. 7.6 - How are different sets of genes expressed in the...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 7.6 - Prob. 1CRCh. 7.7 - Why are the levels of DnaA protein controlled...Ch. 7.7 - Prob. 2MQCh. 7.7 - Prob. 1CRCh. 7.8 - Prob. 1MQCh. 7.8 - What is the major transcriptional regulator that...Ch. 7.8 - What is meant by "patterning" during heterocyst...Ch. 7.9 - What are the four basic stages of biofilm...Ch. 7.9 - Besides autoinducer synthesis, what intracellular...Ch. 7.9 - What type of genes does c-di-GMP activate during...Ch. 7.10 - Describe two targets of antibiotics and discuss...Ch. 7.10 - Prob. 2MQCh. 7.10 - Prob. 3MQCh. 7.10 - Prob. 1CRCh. 7.11 - Is persistence a heritable trait?Ch. 7.11 - What prevents the toxin component of TA modules...Ch. 7.11 - Prob. 3MQCh. 7.11 - Prob. 1CRCh. 7 - If DnaA was not regulated in Escherichia coli and...Ch. 7 - Explain how cells exhibiting different phenotypes...Ch. 7 - Describe how you would genetically design a...
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- Lysozyme and the antibiotic penicillin have similar mechanisms of action in that they both cause damage to the bacterial: Question 5 options: A) cell membrane. B) capsule. C) cell wall. D) DNA.arrow_forwardMost antiviral drugs: a) damage the cell wall b) are nucleoside analogs c) are enzymes inhibitors d) prevent viruses from entering cells e) damage the plasma membranearrow_forwardWhich antibiotic affects cell wall synthesis?a)streptomycin b) erythromycin c) tetracycline d)penicillinarrow_forward
- 1) Antibiotics that inhibit the formation of the peptidoglycan layer in bacteria work through inhibiting: a) bacterial ribosome b) Ferredoxin c) NAG-NAM formation d) bactoprenol e) bacterial replication 2) The N-Acetylmuramic acid of the peptidoglycan molecule is attached to the ____ of the tetrapeptide: a) L-Lysine of the tetrapeptide b) D-Alanine c) L-Alanine d) D-Glutamine e) D-Lysine 3) In bacillus bacteria, the second stage of the most common type of growth: a) Crescentin formation b) bactoprenol transportation c) pre-septal elongation d) polar elongation e) b & carrow_forwardCytopathic effects (CPE) are visible changes in cells due to: A)viral infection B)mutations C)bacterial infections D)the cell's genes are being expressedarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about antibiotics is TRUE? a) Antibiotics are used to disinfect bench tops.b) An antibiotic is a type of antiseptic.c) Some antibiotics inhibit the growth of a pathogen and do not kill it.d) Some antibiotics work by binding the 40S ribosomal subunit.e) Antibiotics are used to treat fungal infections.arrow_forward
- How is the ribosome a target in terms of antibiotic action mechanisms? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IVBCrzjOl40arrow_forwardwhy are bacteria considered living organisms, while viruses are usually considered non living?arrow_forwardHow would cellulose-degrading bacteria in the rumen of a cow benefit the animal?arrow_forward
- How can treatments for treacher Collins Syndrome help ribosomes do their normal job?arrow_forwardWhy are Archaea resistant to penicillin?arrow_forwardThe process by which messenger RNA codes for the synthesis of a specific protein is called: a) replication b) transcription c) translation d) gene regulation Which statement is true about prokaryotes? A) they have no chromosomes b) they have chromosomes, but they are not membrane bound c) they have membrane bound chromosomes d) their chromosomes are made of RNA rather than DNA In a eukaryotic cell, most ATP is made in which location? A) nucleus b) mitochondria C) cytoplasm d) golgi apparatusarrow_forward
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