Chemistry for Engineering Students
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781285199023
Author: Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 7, Problem 8CO
• explain how hybridization reconciles observed molecular shapes with the orbital overlap model.
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Chapter 7 Solutions
Chemistry for Engineering Students
Ch. 7 - List some factors influencing the biocompatibility...Ch. 7 - • use electron configurations to explain why...Ch. 7 - • describe die energy changes in the formation of...Ch. 7 - • define electronegativity and state how...Ch. 7 - • identify or predict polar, nonpolar, and ionic...Ch. 7 - • write Lewis electron structures for molecules or...Ch. 7 - • describe chemical bonding using a model based on...Ch. 7 - • explain how hybridization reconciles observed...Ch. 7 - • predict the geometry of a molecule from its,...Ch. 7 - • use models (real or software) to help visualize...
Ch. 7 - • explain the formation of multiple bonds in terms...Ch. 7 - • identify sigma and pi bonds in a molecule and...Ch. 7 - Define the term biocompatibility.Ch. 7 - List some properties associated with biomaterials...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.3PAECh. 7 - Prob. 7.4PAECh. 7 - Prob. 7.5PAECh. 7 - Prob. 7.6PAECh. 7 - Why is the ion not found in nature?Ch. 7 - Why do nonmetals tend to form anions rather than...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.9PAECh. 7 - 7.10 Arrange the members of each of the following...Ch. 7 - 7.11 Arrange the following sets of anions in order...Ch. 7 - 7.12 Which pair will form a compound with the...Ch. 7 - In a lattice, a positive ion is often surrounded...Ch. 7 - Use the concept of lattice energy to rationalize...Ch. 7 - 7.13 Figure 7-2 depicts the interactions of an ion...Ch. 7 - Mat type of bond is likely to form between one...Ch. 7 - 7.14 Describe the difference between a covalent...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.18PAECh. 7 - Sketch a graph of the potential energy of two...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.20PAECh. 7 - 7.17 Coulombic forces are often used to explain...Ch. 7 - 7.18 In terms of the strengths of the covalent...Ch. 7 - 7.19 If the formation of chemical bonds always...Ch. 7 - 7.20 Draw the Lewis dot symbol for each of the...Ch. 7 - 7.21 Theoretical models for the structure of...Ch. 7 - 7.22 Use Lewis dot symbols to explain why chlorine...Ch. 7 - 7.23 Define the term lone pair.Ch. 7 - 7.24 How many electrons are shared between two...Ch. 7 - 7.25 How does the bond energy of a double bond...Ch. 7 - 7.26 How is electronegativity defined?Ch. 7 - 7.27 Distinguish between electron affinity and...Ch. 7 - 7.28 Certain elements in the periodic table shown...Ch. 7 - 7.29 When two atoms with different...Ch. 7 - 7.30 The bond in HF is said to be polar, with the...Ch. 7 - 7.31 Why is a bond between two atoms with...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.36PAECh. 7 - 7.33 In each group of three bonds, which bond is...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.38PAECh. 7 - Prob. 7.39PAECh. 7 - 7.35 Which one of the following contains botb...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.41PAECh. 7 - Prob. 7.42PAECh. 7 - 7.37 Draw the Lewis structure for each of the...Ch. 7 - 7.38 Draw a Lewis structure for each of the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.45PAECh. 7 - 7.40 Why is it impossible for hydrogen to be the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.47PAECh. 7 - 7.42 Draw resonance structure for (a) (b) and (c)Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.49PAECh. 7 - Prob. 7.50PAECh. 7 - Prob. 7.51PAECh. 7 - 7.46 Consider the nitrogen-oxygen bond lengths in...Ch. 7 - 7.47 Which of the species listed has a Lewis...Ch. 7 - 7.48 Identify what is incorrect in the Lewis...Ch. 7 - 7.49 Identify what is incorrect in the Lewis...Ch. 7 - 7.50 Chemical species are said to be isoelectronic...Ch. 7 - 7.51 Explain the concept of wave interference in...Ch. 7 - Distinguish between constructive and destructive...Ch. 7 - How is the concept of orbital overlap related to...Ch. 7 - 7.52 How does orbital overlap explain the buildup...Ch. 7 - 7.53 How do sigma and pi bonds differ? How are...Ch. 7 - 7.54 CO , CO2 , CH3OH , and CO32 , all contain...Ch. 7 - 7.55 Draw the Lewis dot structure of the following...Ch. 7 - 7.56 Draw the Lewis dot structures of the...Ch. 7 - 7.57 What observation about molecules compels us...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.66PAECh. 7 - 7.59 What type of hybrid orbital is generated by...Ch. 7 - Considering only s and p atomic orbitals, list all...Ch. 7 - 7.61 What hybrid orbitals would be expected for...Ch. 7 - 7.62 What type of hybridization would you expect...Ch. 7 - 7.63 What physical concept forms the premise of...Ch. 7 - 7.64 Predict the geometry of the following...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.73PAECh. 7 - Prob. 7.74PAECh. 7 - Prob. 7.75PAECh. 7 - 7.68 Give approximate values for the indicated...Ch. 7 - 7.69 Propene has the chemical formula Describe the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.78PAECh. 7 - Describe what happens to the shape about the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.80PAECh. 7 - Prob. 7.81PAECh. 7 - 7.72 How does an MSN differ from amorphous silica...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.83PAECh. 7 - Prob. 7.84PAECh. 7 - Prob. 7.85PAECh. 7 - Prob. 7.86PAECh. 7 - 7.91 A Lewis structure for the oxalate ion is...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.88PAECh. 7 - 7.93 An unknown metal M forms a chloride with the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.90PAECh. 7 - Prob. 7.91PAECh. 7 - 7.96 Consider the hydrocarbons whose structures...Ch. 7 - 7.97 Consider the structure shown below for as...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.94PAECh. 7 - Prob. 7.95PAECh. 7 - Prob. 7.96PAECh. 7 - 7.101 Lead selenide nanocrystals may provide a...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.98PAECh. 7 - Prob. 7.99PAECh. 7 - 7.104 Hydrogen azide, HN3 , is a liquid that...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.101PAECh. 7 - Prob. 7.102PAECh. 7 - 7.107 How do the Lewis symbols for C, Si, and Ge...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.104PAECh. 7 - Prob. 7.105PAE
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- 7.59 What type of hybrid orbital is generated by combining the valence s orbital and all three valence p orbitals of an atom? How many hybrid orbitals result?arrow_forward7.57 What observation about molecules compels us to consider the hybridization of atomic orbitals?arrow_forward7.96 Consider the hydrocarbons whose structures are shown below. Which of these molecules would be planar, meaning that all of the atoms must lie in the same plane? Explain your answer in terms of orbital hybridizations.arrow_forward
- Aspartame is a compound that is 200 times sweeter than sugar and is used extensively (under the trade name NutraSweet) in diet soft drinks. The skeleton structure of the atoms in aspartame is (a) Complete the Lewis structure and give the number of and bonds in aspartame. (b) What is the hybridization about each carbon atom that forms a double bond with an oxygen atom? (c) What is the hybridization about each nitrogen atom?arrow_forwardLets look more closely at the process of hybridization. (a) What is the relationship between the number of hybrid orbitals produced and the number of atomic orbitals used to create them? (b) Do hybrid atomic orbitals form between different p orbitals without involving 5 orbitals? (c) What is the relationship between the energy of hybrid atomic orbitals and the atomic orbitals from which they are formed?arrow_forward• identify sigma and pi bonds in a molecule and explain the difference between them.arrow_forward
- Methylcyanoacrylate is the active ingredient in super glues. Its Lewis structure is (a) How many sigma bonds are in the molecule? (b) How many pi bonds are in the molecule? (c) What is the hybridization of the carbon atom bonded to nitrogen? (d) What is the hybridization of the carbon atom bonded to oxygen? (e) What is the hybridization of the double-bonded oxygen?arrow_forward• explain the formation of multiple bonds in terms of the overlap of a combination of hybridized and unhybridized atomic orbitals.arrow_forwardDescribe the shapes of C2H6 and C2H4. In doing so, explain why one molecule is planar and why the other molecule cannot be planar.arrow_forward
- The hybridization of the two carbon atoms differs in an acetic acid, CH3COOH, molecule. (a) Designate the correct hybridization for each carbon atom in this molecule. (b) What is the approximate bond angle around each carbon?arrow_forwardUse the VSEPR model to predict the bond angles around each central atom in the following Lewis structures (benzene rings are frequently pictured as hexagons, without the letter for the carbon atom at each vertex). Note that the drawings do not necessarily depict the bond angles correctly.arrow_forwardA student who missed this class needs to know how to predict the bond angles and shape of amolecule from looking at its bond-line representation. Write a concise but complete explanationfor this student.arrow_forward
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