Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7, Problem 7TYU
EVOLUTION CONNECTION Paramecium and other unicellular eukaryotes that live in hypotonic environments have cell membranes that limit water uptake, while those living in isotonic environments have membranes that are more permeable to water. Describe what water regulation adaptations might have evolved in unicellular eukaryotes in hypertonic habitats such as the Great Salt Lake and in habitats with changing salt concentration.
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Explain osmotic balance in cells. What happens to a cell that is placed in a hypotonic solution, hypertonic solution, or isotonic solution? What is special about the maintenance of osmotic balance in halophiles that would allow them to survive in high salt concentrations? What is the natural habitat of archaea species Halobacterium salinarum?
Using the appropriate osmotic terms (hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic) describe what would happen to each organism in the following settings:
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Using the appropriate osmotic terms (hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic) describe what would happen to each organism in the following settings:
A single-celled freshwater protist is placed into a beaker of salt water.
A salt-water snail is mistakenly put into a freshwater tank.
A head of lettuce is placed soaked in a sink of salt water.
A carrot is soaked a sink of distilled, pure water.
Chapter 7 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 7.1 - VISUAL SKILLS Carbohydrates are attached to...Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 7.2 - What property allows O2 and CO2 to cross a lipid...Ch. 7.2 - VISUAL SKILLS Examine Figure 7.2. Why is a...Ch. 7.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Aquaporins exclude passage of...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 7.3 - WHAT IF? If a Paramecium swims from a hypotonic...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 7.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 7.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Review the characteristics of...
Ch. 7.5 - As a cell grows, its plasma membrane expands. Does...Ch. 7.5 - DRAW IT Return to Figure 7.9, and circle a patch...Ch. 7.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 7 - In what ways are membranes crucial to life?Ch. 7 - How do aquaporins affect the permeability of a...Ch. 7 - What happens to a cell placed in a hypertonic...Ch. 7 - ATP is not directly involved in the functioning of...Ch. 7 - Which type of endocytosis involves the binding of...Ch. 7 - In what way do the membranes of a eukaryotic Cell...Ch. 7 - According to the fluid mosaic model of membrane...Ch. 7 - Which of the following factors would tend to...Ch. 7 - Which of the following processes includes all the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 7 - DRAW IT An artificial "cell" consisting of an...Ch. 7 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Paramecium and other...Ch. 7 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 7 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY Extensive...Ch. 7 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS A human...Ch. 7 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE In the supermarket,...
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- 3 Diagram A below illustrates schematically a classic experiment designed to test the chemi- osmotic hypothesis. Phospholipid vesicles were made to contain beef heart mitochondrial ATP syn- thase and bacteriorhodopsin, a light driven proton pump isolated from Halobacterium holobium. Under light illumination, proton translocation by bacteriorhodopsin results in ATP synthesis when ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) are added to the suspension of vesicles. Diagram B shows a plot of the rate of ATP synthesis as a function of the proton gradient ApH. Bacteriorhodopsin in synthetic vesicle 100F A outside inside 5아 Fo F1 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 A pH (a) how this differs from its orientation in mitochondria. Given the orientation of the components of ATP synthase complex in diagram A, describe (b) cavity of the vesicle become the region of low proton concentration or the region of high proton con- centration? Explain your reasoning. Under light illumination to activate bacteriorhodopsin to drive ATP…arrow_forwardOne advantage of being multicellular is that the organism can increase insize. Unicellular organisms cannot achieve this large size. What limitsunicellular growth? How do multicellular animals solve this problem? pelase do not copy from googlearrow_forwardCompare the effects of isotonic,hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions on anamoeba and on a bacterial cell. If a cell lives in a hypotonic environment, what will occur if it is placed in a hypertonic one?arrow_forward
- Suppose you have a cell from a freshwater fish that is isotonic with its surrounding environment, with a K+ concentration inside the cell of 0.05M. You then immerse this cell in saltwater where the K+ concentration is 0.25M. What would you predict will happen to the cell? a)Water will move into the cell, and the cell will swell and burst b)Water will move out of the cell, and the cell will shrink c)Water will move in and out of the cell with no net change in concentration, and the cell will remain the same size d)The cell wall will prevent the cell from changing sizearrow_forwardParamecia live mostly in freshwater and move with the use of structures called cilia. They utilize contractile vacuoles to expel water that enters the cell by osmosis. Euglena are unicellular organisms that use flagella for movement and chloroplasts for photosynthesis. They are found in freshwater and saltwater. Scientists have determined that Paramecia and Euglena are eukaryotes and not prokaryotes because they havearrow_forwardPassive transport * Is when an ion flows down a gradient to enter or exit a cell Does not require energy Is facilitated by ATP Can use ion channels If a cell is hypotonic * it could shrivel up it is at equilibrium it could swell and burst all of the above What does hypertonic mean? *arrow_forward
- In which situation would passive transport not use a transport protein for entry into a cell? water flowing into a heypertonic environment an ion flowing into a nerve cell to create an electrical potential glucose being absorbed from the blood oxygen moving into a cell after oxygen deprivationarrow_forwardWhich of the following prokaryotes has a relatively large surface-to-volume ratio for rapid gas exchange, despite having one of the largest cytoplasmic volumes of any known eubacterial cell? the archaeobacterium Halobacterium halobium the archaeobacterium Nanoarchaeum equitans the eubacterium Rhodopseudomonas viridis the eubacterium Epulopiscium fishelsoni the eubacterium Escherichia coliarrow_forwardWhich of the following membrane-crossing mechanisms requires energy? Active transport Facilitated diffusion Simple diffusion Passive transport Turgorarrow_forward
- Compare the effects of isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutionson an amoeba and on a bacterial cell. If a cell lives in a hypotonicenvironment, what will occur if it is placed in a hypertonicone? Answer for the opposite case as well.arrow_forwardIf a bacterial cell is placed in a hypertonic (hyperosmotic) solution: None of the other four answers describes what happens in a hypertonic solution There is no net movement of water either into or out of the cell The cell may undergo osmotic lysis Water moves through the plasma membrane into the cell Water moves through the plasma membrane out of the cell, causing plasmolysisarrow_forwardCompared with a cell with few aquaporin proteins in itsmembrane, a cell containing many aquaporin proteins will(A) have a faster rate of osmosis.(B) have a lower water potential.(C) have a higher water potential.(D) accumulate water by active transport.arrow_forward
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