Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7, Problem 5RQ
A reducing
- reduces the compound to a simpler form
- adds an electron to the substrate
- removes a hydrogen atom from the substrate
- is a catabolic reaction
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Which of the following is/are TRUE of hydrolysis?
Hydrolysis results in a positive change in free energy
Hydrolysis is always nonspontaneous
A hydrolysis reaction absorbs free energy from its surroundings
Hydrolysis is an exergonic pathway
Hydrolysis is a catabolic pathway
. To catalyze a biochemical reaction, an
enzyme typically
dissociates into additional
reactant molecules,
thereby increasing the
геaction ratе
decomposes and releases
energy to increase the
number of successful
collisions between
reactant molecules
binds temporarily to
reactant molecules to
lower the activation
energy of the reaction
drives the reaction to
completion by consuming
byproducts of the reaction
CLEAR ALL
Catalyst
Activation Energy
Function of Enzyme:
Diagram of Energy graph with an Enzyme
Enzyme-Substrate Complex
Chapter 7 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 7 - Figure 7.11 Dinitrophenol (DNP) is an "uncoupler"...Ch. 7 - Figure 7.12 Cyanide inhibits cytochrome c oxidase,...Ch. 7 - (Figure 7.14) Tremetol, a metabolic poison found...Ch. 7 - The energy currency used by cells is ATP ADP AMP...Ch. 7 - A reducing chemical reaction. reduces the compound...Ch. 7 - During the second half of glycolysis, what occurs?...Ch. 7 - What is removed from pyruvate during its...Ch. 7 - What do the electrons added to NAD+ do? They...Ch. 7 - GTP or ATP is produced during the conversion of...Ch. 7 - How many NADU molecules are produced on each turn...
Ch. 7 - What compound receives elections from NADH? FMN...Ch. 7 - Chemiosmosis involves. the movement of electrons...Ch. 7 - Which of the following fermentation methods can...Ch. 7 - A major connection for sugars in glycolysis is...Ch. 7 - Beta-oxidation is. the breakdown of sugars the...Ch. 7 - The effect of high levels of ADP is to__inv __...Ch. 7 - The control of which enzyme exerts the most...Ch. 7 - Why is it beneficial for cells to use ATP rather...Ch. 7 - Nearly all organisms on Earth carry out some form...Ch. 7 - Because they lose their mitochondria during...Ch. 7 - What is the primary difference between a circular...Ch. 7 - How do the roles of ubiquinone and cytochrome c...Ch. 7 - What accounts for the different number of ATP...Ch. 7 - What is the primary difference between...Ch. 7 - Would you describe metabolic pathways as...Ch. 7 - How does citrate from the citric acid cycle affect...Ch. 7 - Why might negative feedback mechanisms be more...
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- The structure of a metalloenzyme active site is down below(black picture). Describe, from a chemical and structural perspective, how the reactive site is designed to facilitate its catalytic reaction. The example below suggests the level of detail that is required. Make sure that you explain what the metal is doing, what the reaction is, and its biological significance.arrow_forwardDrag and drop from the available list of terms. The synthesis of complex molecules is reaction, whereas their degradation is exergonic endothermic unknown exothermic endergonic forward equlibrium nullarrow_forwardChoose the catabolic reaction. synthesizing a complex molecule synthesizing a complex molecule CO2 and H2O combining to form carbonic acid. CO, 2, and H, 2, O combining to form carbonic acid. breaking down a complex moleculearrow_forward
- Which factor does NOT represent a barrier that prevents a reaction from taking place? substrate distortion the solvation shell of hydrogen-bonded water entropy of the molecules in solution standard free-energy change the need for proper alignment of catalytic functional groups on the enzymearrow_forwardthis one represents an endothermic reaction. Things are similar: the flat line on the left (beginning of the reaction) is the total energy possessed by the reactant molecules; once again, kJ stands for energy in kiloJoules, thousands of Joules. The flat line on the right (reaction complete) is the total energy of the products. Since an endothermic reaction has a net absorption of energy (taking this extra energy from the surroundings), the products have higher energy than the reactants. Question: the energy of the reactant molecules is kJ. [to answer, simply identify the correct y-axis coordinate.] 250 200 PE (kJ) 150 100 50 Reaction pathwayarrow_forwardEnzymes catalyze the rapid formation of product by: lowering the Gibbs free energy of the product raising the Gibbs free energy of the substrate lowering the activation energy between the substrate and the product raising the activation energy between the substrate and the product changing the AG (the change in Gibbs free energy) of the reactionarrow_forward
- The structure of a metalloenzyme active site is down below(black picture). Describe, from a chemical and structural perspective, how the reactive site is designed to facilitate its catalytic reaction. The example below(white pitcure) suggests the level of detail that is required. Make sure that you explain what the metal is doing, what the reaction is, and its biological significance.arrow_forwardIndicate whether each of the following characteristics of an enzyme is TRUE or FALSE. An enzyme. 1._____ is a biological catalyst 2.____ functions at a low pH 3.____ does not change the equilibrium position of a reaction 4._____ is obtained from the diet 5._____ greatly increases the rate of a cellular reaction 6._____ is needed for every reaction that takes place in the cell 7._____ catalyzes at a faster rate at higher temperatures 8._____ functions best at mild conditions of pH 7.4 and 37oC 9._____ lowers the activation energy of a biological reaction 10._____increases the rate of the forward reaction, but not the reverse. Match the common name of each of the following enzymes with the description of the reaction. a. dehydrogenase b. oxidase c. peptidase d. decarboxylase e. esterase f. Transaminase 1._____ hydrolyzes the ester bonds in triacylglycerols to yield fatty acids and glycerol 2._____ removes hydrogen from a substrate…arrow_forwardWhich of the following best describes the principle demonstrated in the figure below? CH.OH H HO OH H A B Formation of a sucrose molecule from glucose and fructose с H/OH D OH CH₂OH HOCH. O H H HOH HO/CH.OH HO OH energy H OH H H₂ OH The production of biomolecules involves a hydrolysis reaction. Water is a fundamental by-product of all hydrolysis reactions. HOCH, O Н The production of blomolecules involves dehydration synthesis reactions. Sucrose molecules are the only biomolecules that store energy. H HO/CH.OH OH Н +H_Oarrow_forward
- In the physiological pH range, the nitrogen in the imidazole ring can be easily protonated/deprotonated. This allows the histidine side chain to— function as either a general acid catalyst or a general base catalyst. act as a strong reducing agent. interact with the guanidino group. either gain or lose a single electron. bind either H+ or OH-.arrow_forwardWhich of the terms hydrolysis, saponification, hydrogenation, and oxidation apply to each of the following reaction changes? More than one term may apply in a given situation. Carbon–oxygen single bonds are broken. Glycerol is among the products. Fatty acid salts are among the products. Carbon–carbon double bonds are changed to carbon–carbon single bonds.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true of anabolism: Anabolic reactions convert polymers into monomers intracellular anabolic reactions do not require enzymes Lipolysis is an anabolic reaction Glycogenolysis is an anabolic reaction Anabolic reactions generally consume energyarrow_forward
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