Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Chapter 7, Problem 18CTQ
Why is it beneficial for cells to use ATP rather than energy directly from the bonds of carbohydrates? What are the greatest drawbacks to harnessing energy directly from the bonds of several different compounds?
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Why is it beneficial for the cells to use ATP rather than directly using the energy stored in the bonds of carbohydrates to power cellular reactions ? What are the greatest drawbacks to harnessing energy from the bonds of several different compounds ?
Which of the following statements are true? For each, explain why or why not. (a) All coenzymes are electrontransfer agents. (b) Coenzymes do not contain phosphorus or sulfur. (c) Generating ATP is a way of storing energy.
Which of the following statements about anabolism is false?
O As a rule, the anabolic pathway by which an organism makes a substance is the
exact reverse of the catabolic pathway.
Anabolic reactions "spend" ATP by transferring a phosphate group
to another molecule.
O Pathways that synthesize larger biomolecules from smaller ones
are known as anabolism.
Gluconeogenesis is the anabolic pathway by which organisms make glucose from
pyruvate.
Chapter 7 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 7 - Figure 7.11 Dinitrophenol (DNP) is an "uncoupler"...Ch. 7 - Figure 7.12 Cyanide inhibits cytochrome c oxidase,...Ch. 7 - (Figure 7.14) Tremetol, a metabolic poison found...Ch. 7 - The energy currency used by cells is ATP ADP AMP...Ch. 7 - A reducing chemical reaction. reduces the compound...Ch. 7 - During the second half of glycolysis, what occurs?...Ch. 7 - What is removed from pyruvate during its...Ch. 7 - What do the electrons added to NAD+ do? They...Ch. 7 - GTP or ATP is produced during the conversion of...Ch. 7 - How many NADU molecules are produced on each turn...
Ch. 7 - What compound receives elections from NADH? FMN...Ch. 7 - Chemiosmosis involves. the movement of electrons...Ch. 7 - Which of the following fermentation methods can...Ch. 7 - A major connection for sugars in glycolysis is...Ch. 7 - Beta-oxidation is. the breakdown of sugars the...Ch. 7 - The effect of high levels of ADP is to__inv __...Ch. 7 - The control of which enzyme exerts the most...Ch. 7 - Why is it beneficial for cells to use ATP rather...Ch. 7 - Nearly all organisms on Earth carry out some form...Ch. 7 - Because they lose their mitochondria during...Ch. 7 - What is the primary difference between a circular...Ch. 7 - How do the roles of ubiquinone and cytochrome c...Ch. 7 - What accounts for the different number of ATP...Ch. 7 - What is the primary difference between...Ch. 7 - Would you describe metabolic pathways as...Ch. 7 - How does citrate from the citric acid cycle affect...Ch. 7 - Why might negative feedback mechanisms be more...
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- 2. a) Compare anabolism and catabolism for energy input, monomers and polymers position as reactants or products. b) Why are considerations of enzymes important for discussions of cellular energetics? c) Why is ATP called the "currency" of the cell? Is ATP a short term or long term energy storage molecule? d) Compare the following reactions: 6CO2+6H2O+energy → +C6H12O6+6O2 and C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O+energyarrow_forwardIf you are using cellular respiration to get energy from proteins rather than carbohydrates, which of the following is true? there are completely different reactions for protein breakdown as compared to carbohydrates so a different set of pathways is used the amino acids must be broken down into individual C-H or C-C bonds and then those bonds will join with others to create a sugar that enters into the glycolysis pathway O the amino acids are joined with a covalent bond to a sugar and then the hybrid molecule will enter the cellular respiration pathways the amino group is removed and then the rest of the molecule is converted into molecules such as pyruvate or oxaloacetate that can then enter cellular respiration pathways O the amino acids must first be converted into glucose and then they can go through the cellular respiration pathwaysarrow_forwardWe eat foods containing sucrose (table sugar), lactose (milk sugar), and cellobiose (disaccharide of cellulose in plants). How many net moles of ATP per mole disaccharide do humans generate from the disaccharides sucrose, lactose, and cellobiose using the glycolytic pathway? Osucrose: 4 ATP; lactose: 2 ATP; cellobiose: 2 ATP Osucrose: 2 ATP; lactose: 4 ATP; cellobiose: 2 ATP Osucrose: 2 ATP; lactose: 2 ATP; cellobiose: 0 ATP sucrose: 6 ATP; lactose: 2 ATP; cellobiose: 0 ATP sucrose: 4 ATP; lactose: 4 ATP; cellobiose: 0 ATParrow_forward
- In enzymatic hydrolysis, the bonds of starch are broken to obtain glucose. How does this process work? What kind of reaction occurs?arrow_forwardWhat are three ways that ATP can be generated?arrow_forwardThe relationship between the breakdown of macromolecules and the biosynthesis of macromolecules is most similar to the relationship between which of the following pairs of terms? The relationship between the breakdown of macromolecules and the biosynthesis of macromolecules is most similar to the relationship between which of the following pairs of terms? A.) exergonic and spontaneous B.) free energy and entropy C.) work and free energy D.) exergonic and endergonicarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is a lie? Select one: a.Energy is released when the terminal phosphate group is removed, known as dephosphorylation, whereas energy is needed when a phosphate group is added, also known as phosphorylation. b.A living organism has an unlimited supply of energy. c.Energy mediated by ATP comes from the metabolism of different isomers of C6H12O6 (sugar), such as glucose, fructose, and galactose. Which of the following statements is a lie? Select one: a.The transfer of energy in living systems use electrons to allow the cell to transfer energy in large amounts. b.Electrons play an important role in redox reactions. This is true because it is the electrons that undergo the redox reactions in living systems. c.For nicotinamide adenine (NAD), its oxidized form is NAD+ while its reduced form is NADH. This is true because NAD+ can accept electrons from an organic molecule.arrow_forwardArrange these four molecules in increasing order of their biological energy content per mole:(a) Mannose(b) Stearic acid, CH3(CH2)16COOH(c) Fructose(d) Palmitic acid, CH3(CH2)14COOHarrow_forwardThe hydrolysis of ATP yields 7.3 kcal/mol of energy. The conversion of phosphoenol pyruvate to pyruvate yields 14.8 kcal/mol of energy. What is AG for the reaction shown below? PEP + ADP→ pyruvate + ATP O -22.1 kcal/mol O 22.1 kcal/mol O -7.5 kcal/mol O 7.5 kcal/molarrow_forward
- What is metabolism, and how are different types of energy useful for metabolism? Explain the three main uses of metabolic energy. Give examples.arrow_forwardAs biological catalysts, enzymes play a fundamental role in many cellular processes. Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct? 1. Enzymes are essential for anabolic pathways; they are not required for catabolic pathways. 2. While an increase in temperature can increase the rate of an uncatalyzed reaction, it can’t increase the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. 3. Enzymes force substrates into unique conformations that do not occur in the absence of an enzyme. 4. Enzymes decrease the free energy of a reaction’s transition state. A. 1, 2 and 3 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 4 D. 4 only E. All of 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correctarrow_forwardWhy does the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP involve the release of energy?arrow_forward
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